(Sec 4) Amends Federal criminal law to subject to a fine or imprisonment any person who initiates the transmission to a protected computer of a spam message with knowledge and intent that it contains fraudulent header information that is materially false or misleading.
(Sec. 5) Sets forth protections against spam that include: (1) a prohibition of false or misleading transmission information; (2) a prohibition of deceptive subject headings; (3) mandatory inclusion of return address or comparable mechanism in unsolicited commercial electronic mail; (4) a prohibition of transmission of spam after objection; and (5) mandatory inclusion of identifier, opt-out, and physical address in spam.
(Sec. 6) Confers enforcement powers for violations of this Act upon the Federal Trade Commission, designated Federal agencies, and State Attorneys General.
Permits a provider of Internet access service adversely affected by a violation of this Act to bring a civil action.
Sets forth a maximum civil penalty of $1.5 million for knowing and wilful violations of this Act.
(Sec. 8) Directs the Commission to submit to Congress a detailed analysis of the efficacy of this Act.
[Congressional Bills 107th Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
[S. 630 Introduced in Senate (IS)]
107th CONGRESS
1st Session
S. 630
To prohibit senders of unsolicited commercial electronic mail from
disguising the source of their messages, to give consumers the choice
to cease receiving a sender's unsolicited commercial electronic mail
messages, and for other purposes.
_______________________________________________________________________
IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES
March 27, 2001
Mr. Burns (for himself, Mr. Wyden, Mr. Lieberman, Ms. Landrieu, Mr.
Torricelli, Mr. Breaux, and Mr. Murkowski) introduced the following
bill; which was read twice and referred to the Committee on Commerce,
Science, and Transportation
_______________________________________________________________________
A BILL
To prohibit senders of unsolicited commercial electronic mail from
disguising the source of their messages, to give consumers the choice
to cease receiving a sender's unsolicited commercial electronic mail
messages, and for other purposes.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the
United States of America in Congress assembled,
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.
This Act may be cited as the ``Controlling the Assault of Non-
Solicited Pornography and Marketing Act of 2001'', or the ``CAN SPAM
Act of 2001''.
SEC. 2. CONGRESSIONAL FINDINGS AND POLICY.
(a) Findings.--The Congress finds the following:
(1) There is a right of free speech on the Internet.
(2) The Internet has increasingly become a critical mode of
global communication and now presents unprecedented
opportunities for the development and growth of global commerce
and an integrated worldwide economy. In order for global
commerce on the Internet to reach its full potential,
individuals and entities, using the Internet and other online
services should be prevented from engaging in activities that
prevent other users and Internet service providers from having
a reasonably predictable, efficient, and economical online
experience.
(3) Unsolicited commercial electronic mail can be a
mechanism through which businesses advertise and attract
customers in the online environment.
(4) The receipt of unsolicited commercial electronic mail
may result in costs to recipients who cannot refuse to accept
such mail and who incur costs for the storage of such mail, or
for the time spent accessing, reviewing, and discarding such
mail, or for both.
(5) Unsolicited commercial electronic mail may impose
significant monetary costs on providers of Internet access
services, businesses, and educational and nonprofit
institutions that carry and receive such mail, as there is a
finite volume of mail that such providers, businesses, and
institutions can handle without further investment. The sending
of such mail is increasingly and negatively affecting the
quality of service provided to customers of Internet access
service, and shifting costs from the sender of the
advertisement to the provider of Internet access service and
the recipient.
(6) While some senders of unsolicited commercial electronic
mail messages provide simple and reliable way for recipients to
reject (or ``opt-out'' of) receipt of unsolicited commercial
electronic mail from such senders in the future, other senders
provide no such ``opt-out'' mechanism, or refuse to honor the
requests of recipients not to receive electronic mail from such
senders in the future, or both.
(7) An increasing number of senders of unsolicited
commercial electronic mail purposefully disguise the source of
such mail so as to prevent recipients from responding to such
mail quickly and easily.
(8) An increasing number of senders of unsolicited
commercial electronic mail purposefully include misleading
information in the message's subject lines in order to induce
the recipients to view the messages.
(9) Because recipients of unsolicited commercial electronic
mail are unable to avoid the receipt of such mail through
reasonable means, such mail may invade the privacy of
recipients.
(10) The practice of sending unsolicited commercial
electronic mail is sufficiently profitable that senders of such
mail will not be unduly burdened by the costs associated with
providing an ``opt-out'' mechanism to recipients and ensuring
that recipients who exercise such opt-out do not receive
further messages from that sender.
(11) In legislating against certain abuses on the Internet,
Congress should be very careful to avoid infringing in any way
upon constitutionally protected rights, including the rights of
assemble, free speech, and privacy.
(b) Congressional Determination of Public Policy.--On the basis of
the findings in subsection (a), the Congress determines that--
(1) there is substantial government interest in regulation
of unsolicited commercial electronic mail;
(2) senders of unsolicited commercial electronic mail
should not mislead recipients as to the source or content of
such mail; and
(3) recipients of unsolicited commercial electronic mail
have a right to decline to receive additional unsolicited
commercial electronic mail from the same source.
SEC. 3. DEFINITIONS.
In this Act:
(1) Affirmative consent.--The term ``affirmative consent'',
when used with respect to a commercial electronic mail message,
means--
(A) the message falls within the scope of an
express and unambiguous invitation or permission
granted by the recipient and not subsequently revoked;
(B) the recipient had clear and conspicuous notice,
at the time such invitation or permission was granted,
of--
(i) the fact that the recipient was
granting the invitation or permission;
(ii) the scope of the invitation or
permission, including what types of commercial
electronic mail messages would be covered by
the invitation or permission and what senders
or types of senders, if any, other than the party to whom the
invitation or permission was communicated would be covered by the
invitation or permission; and
(iii) a reasonable and effective mechanism
for revoking the invitation or permission; and
(C) the recipient has not, after granting the
invitation or permission, submitted a request under
section 5(a)(3) not to receive unsolicited commercial
electronic mail messages from the sender of the
message.
(2) Commercial electronic mail message.--The term
``commercial electronic mail message'' means any electronic
mail message the primary purpose of which is to advertise or
promote, for a commercial purpose, a commercial product or
service (including content on an Internet website). An
electronic mail message shall not be considered to be a
commercial electronic mail message solely because such message
includes a reference to a commercial entity that serves to
identify the sender or a reference or link to an Internet
website operated for a commercial purpose.
(3) Commission.--The term ``Commission'' means the Federal
Trade Commission.
(4) Domain name.--The term ``domain name'' means any
alphanumeric designation which is registered with or assigned
by any domain name registrar, domain name registry, or other
domain name registration authority as part of an electronic
address on the Internet.
(5) Electronic mail address.--
(A) In general.--The term ``electronic mail
address'' means a destination (commonly expressed as a
string of characters) to which electronic mail can be
sent or delivered.
(B) Inclusion.--In the case of the Internet, the
term ``electronic mail address'' may include an
electronic mail address consisting of a user name or
mailbox (commonly referred to as the ``local part'')
and a reference to an Internet domain (commonly
referred to as the ``domain part'').
(6) FTC act.--The term ``FTC Act'' means the Federal Trade
Commission Act (15 U.S.C. 41 et seq.).
(7) Functioning return electronic mail address.--
(A) The term ``functioning return electronic mail
address'' means a legitimately obtained electronic mail
address, clearly and conspicuously displayed in a
commercial electronic mail message, that--
(i) remains capable of receiving messages
for no less than 30 days after the transmission
of such commercial electronic mail message; and
(ii) that has capacity reasonably
calculated, in light of the number of
recipients of the commercial electronic mail
message, to enable it to receive the full
expected quantity of reply messages from such
recipients.
(B) An electronic mail address that meets the
requirements of subparagraph (A) shall not be excluded
from this definition because of a temporary inability
to receive electronic mail messages due to technical
problems, provided steps are taken to correct such
technical problems within a reasonable time period.
(8) Header information.--The term ``header information''
means the source, destination, and routing information attached
to the beginning of an electronic mail message, including the
originating domain name and originating electronic mail
address.
(9) Implied consent.--The term ``implied consent'', when
used with respect to a commercial electronic mail message,
means--
(A) within the 5-year period ending upon receipt of
such message, there has been a business transaction
between the sender and the recipient (including a
transaction involving the provision, free of charge, of
information, goods, or services requested by the
recipient); and
(B) the recipient was, at the time of such
transaction or thereafter, provided a clear and
conspicuous notice of an opportunity not to receive
unsolicited commercial electronic mail messages from
the sender and has not exercised such opportunity.
(10) Initiate.--The term ``initiate'', when used with
respect to a commercial electronic mail message, means to
originate such message, to procure the origination of such
message, or to assist in the origination of such message
through the provision or selection of addresses to which such
message will be sent, but shall not include actions that
constitute routine conveyance of such message. For purposes of
this Act, more than 1 person may be considered to have
initiated the same message.
(11) Internet.--The term ``Internet'' has the meaning given
that term in the Internet Tax Freedom Act (Public Law 105-277,
div. C, title XI, Sec. 1101(e)(3)(c)).
(12) Internet access service.--The term ``Internet access
service'' has the meaning given that term in section 231(e)(4)
of the Communications Act of 1934 (47 U.S.C. 231(e)(4)).
(13) Protected computer.--The term ``protected computer''
has the meaning given that term in section 1030(e)(2) of title
18, United States Code.
(14) Recipient.--The term ``recipient'', when used with
respect to a commercial electronic mail message, means the
addressee of such message. If an addressee of a commercial
electronic mail message has 1 or more electronic mail addresses
in addition to the address to which the message was addressed,
the addressee shall be treated as a separate recipient with
respect to each such address.
(15) Routine conveyance.--The term ``routine conveyance''
means the transmission, routing, relaying, handling, or
storing, through an automatic technical process, of an electronic mail
message for which another person has provided and selected the
recipient addresses.
(16) Sender.--The term ``sender'', when used with respect
to a commercial electronic mail message, means a person who
initiates such a message and whose product, service, or
Internet web site is advertised or promoted by the message, but
does not include any person, including a provider of Internet
access service, whose role with respect to the message is
limited to routine conveyance of the message.
(17) Unsolicited commercial electronic mail message.--
(A) In general.--The term ``unsolicited commercial
electronic mail message'' means any commercial
electronic mail message that is sent to a recipient--
(i) without prior affirmative consent or
implied consent from the recipient; or
(ii) to a recipient who, subsequent to the
establishment of affirmative or implied consent
under subparagraph (i), has expressed, in a
reply submitted pursuant to section 5(a)(3), or
in response to any other opportunity the sender
may have provided to the recipient, a desire
not to receive commercial electronic mail
messages from the sender.
(B) Exclusion.--Notwithstanding subparagraph (A),
the term ``unsolicited commercial electronic mail
message'' does not include an electronic mail message
sent by or on behalf of one or more lawful owners of
copyright, patent, publicity, or trademark rights to an
unauthorized user of protected material notifying such
user that the use is unauthorized and requesting that
the use be terminated or that permission for such use
be obtained from the rights holder or holders.
SEC. 4. CRIMINAL PENALTY FOR UNSOLICITED COMMERCIAL ELECTRONIC MAIL
CONTAINING FRAUDULENT ROUTING INFORMATION.
(a) In General.--Chapter 63 of title 18, United States Code, is
amended by adding at the end the following:
``Sec. 1348. Unsolicited commercial electronic mail containing
fraudulent transmission information
``(a) In General.--Any person who intentionally initiates the
transmission of any unsolicited commercial electronic mail message to a
protected computer in the United States with knowledge that such
message contains or is accompanied by header information that is
materially or intentionally false or misleading shall be fined or
imprisoned for not more than 1 year, or both, under this title.
``(b) Definitions.--Any term used in subsection (a) that is defined
in section 3 of the Unsolicited Commercial Electronic Mail Act of 2001
has the meaning giving it in that section.''.
(b) Conforming Amendment.--The chapter analysis for chapter 63 of
title 18, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the
following:
``1348. Unsolicited commercial electronic mail containing fraudulent
routing information''.
SEC. 5. OTHER PROTECTIONS AGAINST UNSOLICITED COMMERCIAL ELECTRONIC
MAIL.
(a) Requirements for Transmission of Messages.--
(1) Prohibition of false or misleading transmission
information.--It shall be unlawful for any person to initiate
the transmission, to a protected computer, of a commercial
electronic mail message that contains, or is accompanied by,
header information that is materially or intentionally false or
misleading, or not legitimately obtained.
(2) Prohibition of deceptive subject headings.--It shall be
unlawful for any person to initiate the transmission, to a
protected computer, of a commercial electronic mail message
with a subject heading that such person knows is likely to
mislead the recipient about a material fact regarding the
contents or subject matter of the message.
(3) Inclusion of return address in commercial electronic
mail.--It shall be unlawful for any person to initiate the
transmission of a commercial electronic mail message to a
protected computer unless such message contains a functioning
return electronic mail address to which a recipient may send a
reply to the sender to indicate a desire not to receive further
messages from that sender at the electronic mail address at
which the message was received.
(4) Prohibition of transmission of unsolicited commercial
electronic mail after objection.--If a recipient makes a
request to a sender, through an electronic mail message sent to
an electronic mail address provided by the sender pursuant to
paragraph (3), not to receive further electronic mail messages
from that sender, it shall be unlawful for the sender, or any
person acting on behalf of the sender, to initiate the
transmission of an unsolicited commercial electronic mail
message to such a recipient within the United States more than
10 days after receipt of such request.
(5) Inclusion of identifier, opt-out, and physical address
in unsolicited commercial electronic mail.--It shall be
unlawful for any person to initiate the transmission of any
unsolicited commercial electronic mail message to a protected
computer unless the message provides, in a manner that is clear
and conspicuous to the recipient--
(A) identification that the message is an
advertisement or solicitation;
(B) notice of the opportunity under paragraph (3)
to decline to receive further unsolicited commercial
electronic mail messages from the sender; and
(C) a valid physical postal address of the sender.
(b) No Effect on Policies of Providers of Internet Access
Service.--Nothing in this Act shall be construed to have any effect on
the lawfulness or unlawfulness, under any other provision of law, of
the adoption, implementation, or enforcement by a provider of Internet
access service of a policy of declining to transmit, route, relay,
handle, or store certain types of electronic mail messages.
SEC. 6. ENFORCEMENT.
(a) Enforcement by Commission.--
(1) In general.--Section 5 of this Act shall be enforced by
the Commission under the FTC Act. For purposes of such
Commission enforcement, a violation of section 5 of this Act
shall be treated as a violation of a rule under section 18 (15
U.S.C. 57a) of the FTC Act regarding unfair or deceptive acts
or practices.
(2) Scope of commission enforcement authority.--
(A) The Commission shall prevent any person from
violating section 5 of this Act in the same manner, by
the same means, and with the same jurisdiction, powers,
and duties as though all applicable terms and
provisions of the FTC Act were incorporated into and
made a part of this section. Any person who violates
section 5 of this Act shall be subject to the penalties
and entitled the privileges and immunities provided in
the FTC Act in the same manner, by the same means, and
with the same jurisdiction, powers, and duties as
though all applicable terms and provisions of the FTC
Act were incorporated into and made a part of this
section.
(B) Nothing in this Act shall be construed to give
the Commission authority over activities that are
otherwise outside the jurisdiction of the FTC Act.
(b) Enforcement by Certain Other Agencies.--
(1) In general.--Compliance with section 5 of this Act
shall be enforced under--
(A) section 8 of the Federal Deposit Insurance Act
(12 U.S.C. 1818), in the case of--
(i) national banks, and Federal branches
and Federal agencies of foreign banks, by the
Office of the Comptroller of the Currency;
(ii) member banks of the Federal Reserve
System (other than national banks), branches
and agencies of foreign banks (other than
Federal branches, Federal agencies, and insured
State branches of foreign banks), commercial
lending companies owned or controlled by
foreign banks, and organizations operating
under section 25 or 25A of the Federal Reserve
Act (12 U.S.C. 601 et seq. and 611 et seq.), by
the Federal Reserve Board; and
(iii) banks insured by the Federal Deposit
Insurance Corporation (other than members of
the Federal Reserve System) and insured State
branches of foreign banks, by the Board of
Directors of the Federal Deposit Insurance
Corporation;
(B) section 8 of the Federal Deposit Insurance Act
(12 U.S.C. 1818), by the Director of the Office of
Thrift Supervision, in the case of a savings
association the deposits of which are insured by the
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation;
(C) the Federal Credit Union Act (12 U.S.C. 1751 et
seq.) by the National Credit Union Administration Board
with respect to any Federal credit union;
(D) part A of subtitle VII of title 49, United
States Code, by the Secretary of Transportation with
respect to any air carrier or foreign air carrier
subject to that part;
(E) the Packers and Stockyards Act, 1921 (7 U.S.C.
181 et seq.) (except as provided in section 406 of that
Act (7 U.S.C. 226, 227)), by the Secretary of
Agriculture with respect to any activities subject to
that Act;
(F) the Farm Credit Act of 1971 (12 U.S.C. 2001 et
seq.) by the Farm Credit Administration with respect to
any Federal land bank, Federal land bank association,
Federal intermediate credit bank, or production credit
association; and
(G) the Communications Act of 1934 (47 U.S.C. 151
et seq.) by the Federal Communications Commission with
respect to any person subject to the provisions of that
Act.
(2) Exercise of certain powers.--For the purpose of the
exercise by any agency referred to in paragraph (1) of its
powers under any Act referred to in that paragraph, a violation
of section 5 of this Act is deemed to be a violation of a
requirement imposed under that Act. In addition to its powers
under any provision of law specifically referred to in
paragraph (1), each of the agencies referred to in that
paragraph may exercise, for the purpose of enforcing compliance
with any requirement imposed under section 5 of this Act, any
other authority conferred on it by law.
(c) Enforcement by States.--
(1) Civil action.--In any case in which the attorney
general of a State has reason to believe that an interest of
the residents of that State has been or is threatened or
adversely affected by any person engaging in a practice that
violates section 5 of this Act, the State, as parens patriae,
may bring a civil action on behalf of the residents of the
State in a district court of the United States of appropriate
jurisdiction or in any other court of competent jurisdiction--
(A) to enjoin that practice, or
(B) to obtain damages on behalf of residents of the
State, in an amount equal to the greater of--
(i) the actual monetary loss suffered by
such residents; or
(ii) the amount determined under paragraph
(2).
(2) Statutory damages.--For purposes of paragraph
(1)(B)(ii), the amount determined under this paragraph is the
smaller of--
(A) the amount determined by multiplying the number
of willful, knowing, or negligent violations by an
amount, in the discretion of the court, of up to $10
(with each separately addressed unlawful message
received by such residents treated as a separate
violation); or
(B) $500,000.
In determining the per-violation penalty under this paragraph,
the court shall take into account the degree of culpability,
any history of prior such conduct, ability to pay, effect on
ability to continue to do business, and such other matters as
justice may require.
(3) Treble damages.--If the court finds that the defendant
committed the violation willfully and knowingly, the court may
increase the amount recoverable under paragraph (2) up to
threefold.
(4) Attorney fees.--In the case of any successful action
under subparagraph (1), the State shall be awarded the costs of
the action and reasonable attorney fees as determined by the
court.
(5) Notice.--
(A) Pre-filing.--Before filing an action under
paragraph (1), an attorney general shall provide to the
Commission--
(i) written notice of that action; and
(ii) a copy of the complaint for that
action.
(B) Contemporaneous.--If an attorney general
determines that it is not feasible to provide the
notice required by subparagraph (A) before filing the
action, the notice and a copy of the complaint shall be
provided to the Commission when the action is filed.
(6) Intervention.--If the Commission receives notice under
paragraph (4), it--
(A) may intervene in the action that is the subject
of the notice; and
(B) shall have the right--
(i) to be heard with respect to any matter
that arises in that action; and
(ii) to file a petition for appeal.
(7) Construction.--For purposes of bringing any civil
action under paragraph (1), nothing in this Act shall be
construed to prevent an attorney general of a State from
exercising the powers conferred on the attorney general by the
laws of that State to--
(A) conduct investigations;
(B) administer oaths or affirmations; or
(C) compel the attendance of witnesses or the
production of documentary and other evidence.
(8) Venue; service of process.--
(A) Venue.--Any action brought under paragraph (1)
may be brought in the district court of the United
States that meets applicable requirements relating to
venue under section 1391 of title 28, United States
Code.
(B) Service of process.--In an action brought under
paragraph (1), process may be served in any district in
which the defendant--
(i) is an inhabitant; or
(ii) maintains a physical place of
business.
(9) Limitation on state action while federal action is
pending.--If the Commission or other appropriate Federal agency
under subsection (b) has instituted a civil action or an
administrative action for violation of this Act, no State
attorney general may bring an action under this subsection
during the pendency of that action against any defendant named
in the complaint of the Commission or the other agency for any
violation of this Act alleged in the complaint.
(d) Action by Provider of Internet Access Service.--
(1) Action authorized.--A provider of Internet access
service adversely affected by a violation of section 5 may
bring a civil action in any district court of the United States
with jurisdiction over the defendant, or in any other court of
competent jurisdiction, to--
(A) enjoin further violation by the defendant; or
(B) recover damages in any amount equal to the
greater of--
(i) actual monetary loss incurred by the
provider of Internet access service as a result
of such violation; or
(ii) the amount determined under paragraph
(2).
(2) Statutory damages.--For purposes of paragraph
(1)(B)(ii), the amount determined under this paragraph is the
smaller of--
(A) the amount determined by multiplying the number
of willful, knowing, or negligent violations by an
amount, in the discretion of the court, of up to $10
(with each separately addressed unlawful message
carried over the facilities of the provider of Internet
access service treated as a separate violation); or
(B) $500,000.
In determining the per-violation penalty under this paragraph,
the court shall take into account the degree of culpability,
any history of prior such conduct, ability to pay, effect on
ability to continue to do business, and such other matters as
justice may require.
(3) Treble damages.--If the court finds that the defendant
committed the violation willfully and knowingly, the court may
increase the amount recoverable under paragraph (2) up to
threefold.
(4) Attorney fees.--In any action brought pursuant to
paragraph (1), the court may, in its discretion, require an
undertaking for the payment of the costs of such action, and
assess reasonable costs, including reasonable attorneys' fees,
against any party.
(5) Evidentiary presumption.--For purposes of an action
alleging a violation of section 5(a)(4) or 5(a)(5), a showing
that a recipient has submitted a complaint about a commercial
electronic mail message to an electronic mail address
maintained and publicized by the provider of Internet access
service for the purpose of receiving complaints about
unsolicited commercial electronic mail messages shall create a
rebuttable presumption that the message in question was
unsolicited within the meaning of this Act.
(e) Affirmative Defense.--A person shall not be liable for damages
under subsection (c)(2) or (d)(2) if--
(1) such person has established and implemented, with due
care, reasonable practices and procedures to effectively
prevent violations of section 5; and
(2) any violation occurred despite good faith efforts to
maintain compliance with such practices and procedures.
SEC. 7. EFFECT ON OTHER LAWS.
(a) Federal Law.--Nothing in this Act shall be construed to impair
the enforcement of section 223 or 231 of the Communications Act of
1934, chapter 71 (relating to obscenity) or 110 (relating to sexual
exploitation of children) of title 18, United States Code, or any other
Federal criminal statute.
(b) State Law.--No State or local government may impose any civil
liability for commercial activities or actions in interstate or foreign
commerce in connection with an activity or action described in section
5 of this Act that is inconsistent with or more restrictive than the
treatment of such activities or actions under this Act, except that
this Act shall not preempt any civil action under--
(1) State trespass, contract, or tort law; or
(2) any provision of Federal, State, or local criminal law
or any civil remedy available under such law that relates to
acts of computer fraud perpetrated by means of the unauthorized
transmission of unsolicited commercial electronic mail
messages, provided that the mere sending of unsolicited
commercial electronic mail in a manner that complies with this
Act shall not constitute an act of computer fraud for purposes
of this subparagraph.
SEC. 8. STUDY OF EFFECTS OF UNSOLICITED COMMERCIAL ELECTRONIC MAIL.
Not later than 18 months after the date of the enactment of this
Act, the Commission, in consultation with the Department of Justice and
other appropriate agencies, shall submit a report to the Congress that
provides a detailed analysis of the effectiveness and enforcement of
the provisions of this Act and the need (if any) for the Congress to
modify such provisions.
SEC. 9. SEPARABILITY.
If any provision of this Act or the application thereof to any
person or circumstance is held invalid, the remainder of this Act and
the application of such provision to other persons or circumstances
shall not be affected.
SEC. 10. EFFECTIVE DATE.
The provisions of this Act shall take effect 120 days after the
date of the enactment of this Act.
<all>
Introduced in Senate
Read twice and referred to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation. (text of measure as introduced: CR S2995-2998)
Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation. Ordered to be reported with an amendment in the nature of a substitute favorably.
Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation. Reported by Senator Hollings with an amendment in the nature of a substitute. With written report No. 107-318.
Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation. Reported by Senator Hollings with an amendment in the nature of a substitute. With written report No. 107-318.
Placed on Senate Legislative Calendar under General Orders. Calendar No. 735.
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