American Space Renaissance Act
This bill directs the President to develop:
The Department of Defense (DOD) shall designate a DOD official to be Principal Defense Space Advisor on all space matters.
DOD shall:
The President shall establish a National Executive Committee on Weather.
DOD shall:
The Air Force shall contract with a private entity to carry out Satellite Control Network operations.
The bill requires U.S. aeronautical and space activities to contribute materially to:
The bill establishes the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Leadership and Advising Commission.
NASA shall develop:
NASA shall:
The bill establishes an Office of Commercial Space Transportation within the Department of Transportation (DOT), which shall in turn establish within it an Office of Spaceports to support and establish domestic commercial spaceports.
DOT shall also designate a lead government agency for space traffic management activities and services.
The Department of State shall seek to convene a meeting of nations to develop a unified space traffic management regime.
The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) of the Department of Commerce shall promulgate rules regarding its treatment of weather data acquired from commercial space-based systems.
Commerce shall report on the feasibility and benefits of reorganizing the Department to better coordinate and support its space-related economic and regulatory activities.
The bill amends the Internal Revenue Code to allow a business-related tax credit for 10% of the insured value of all payloads launched by a licensed domestic launch provider or on a launch vehicle meeting Buy American requirements
Commerce shall make loan guarantees to a domestic commercial entity or a Federal Aviation Administation-licensed spaceport to promote job creation in the U.S. space sector and encourage startup companies.
DOT shall establish a program to allow commercial entities to operate space training flights.
The Internal Revenue Code is amended to allow an individual to elect to include in gross income gains from the sale or other disposal of stock or option-related compensation received for services rendered from a startup domestic commercial space company.
[Congressional Bills 114th Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
[H.R. 4945 Introduced in House (IH)]
<DOC>
114th CONGRESS
2d Session
H. R. 4945
To permanently secure the United States as the preeminent spacefaring
nation, and for other purposes.
_______________________________________________________________________
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
April 14, 2016
Mr. Bridenstine (for himself and Mr. Lamborn) introduced the following
bill; which was referred to the Committee on Science, Space, and
Technology, and in addition to the Committees on Armed Services, Select
Intelligence (Permanent Select), Rules, Ways and Means, Transportation
and Infrastructure, Energy and Commerce, and Foreign Affairs, for a
period to be subsequently determined by the Speaker, in each case for
consideration of such provisions as fall within the jurisdiction of the
committee concerned
_______________________________________________________________________
A BILL
To permanently secure the United States as the preeminent spacefaring
nation, and for other purposes.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the
United States of America in Congress assembled,
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF CONTENTS.
(a) Short Title.--This Act may be cited as the ``American Space
Renaissance Act''.
(b) Table of Contents.--The table of contents for this Act is as
follows:
Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents.
TITLE I--NATIONAL SECURITY
Sec. 101. Space doctrine, organization, acquisition, and architecture
development.
Sec. 102. Satellite communications.
Sec. 103. Positioning, navigation, and timing.
Sec. 104. Weather.
Sec. 105. Space situational awareness.
Sec. 106. Launch services.
Sec. 107. Air Force Satellite Control Network.
Sec. 108. Remote sensing.
Sec. 109. Congressional defense committees defined.
TITLE II--CIVIL
Sec. 201. Definitions.
Sec. 202. National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
Sec. 203. Human mission to Mars.
Sec. 204. Human presence in low-Earth orbit.
Sec. 205. Space debris remediation.
Sec. 206. GAO report on insuring NASA Class C and Class D payloads and
cargo.
TITLE III--COMMERCIAL
Sec. 301. Office of Commercial Space Transportation.
Sec. 302. Office of Spaceports.
Sec. 303. Situational awareness of objects in Earth orbit.
Sec. 304. Space traffic management.
Sec. 305. Space-based data.
Sec. 306. Department of Commerce space-related activities.
Sec. 307. Commercial remote sensing licensing reform.
Sec. 308. Weather.
Sec. 309. American space competitiveness.
Sec. 310. Space training aircraft.
Sec. 311. Workforce enhancement.
TITLE I--NATIONAL SECURITY
SEC. 101. SPACE DOCTRINE, ORGANIZATION, ACQUISITION, AND ARCHITECTURE
DEVELOPMENT.
(a) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that--
(1) national security space capabilities play a critical
strategic role to help ensure economic prosperity, military
deterrence, and power projection; and
(2) civil and commercial space capabilities are critical
for, and increasingly contribute to, national security
missions.
(b) National Security Doctrine on Space.--Not later than one year
after the date of the enactment of this Act, the President, in
consultation with the Secretary of Defense and the Director of National
Intelligence, shall develop--
(1) doctrine for the Armed Forces and the intelligence
community (as defined in section 3 of the National Security Act
of 1947 (50 U.S.C. 3001)) governing the response of the United
States to efforts by state and nonstate actors to
deliberately--
(A) deny the United States or allies or partners of
the United States access to space or space operations;
or
(B) degrade or destroy Government or commercial
space assets of the United States or allies or partners
of the United States; and
(2) doctrine for the Armed Forces with respect to the rules
of engagement for space forces.
(c) Principal Department of Defense Space Advisor.--
(1) In general.--Chapter 135 of title 10 is amended by
adding at the end the following new section:
``Sec. 2279d. Principal Defense Space Advisor
``(a) In General.--The Secretary of Defense shall designate an
official of the Department to be the Principal Defense Space Advisor,
who, in addition to the other duties of such official, shall act as the
principal advisor to the Secretary on all space matters.
``(b) Responsibilities.--The Principal Defense Space Advisor shall
be responsible for the following:
``(1) Serving as the principal advisor to the Secretary of
Defense, the Deputy Secretary of Defense, the Joint Chiefs of
Staff, the Joint Requirements Oversight Council, the Deputy's
Management Action Group, and the Defense Acquisition Board on
all space matters.
``(2) Serving as the Principal Advisor on Space Control
under section 2279a of this title.
``(3) Overseeing the entire space enterprise of the
Department of Defense by reviewing all policies, strategies,
plans, programming, and architecture assessments relating to
space.
``(4) Conducting annual Defense-wide space strategic
portfolio reviews in coordination with the Defense Space
Council and the Director of Cost Assessment and Program
Evaluation.
``(5) Chairing the Defense Space Council.
``(6) Providing the Deputy's Management Action Group with
independent assessments and recommendations, as requested by
the Deputy Secretary, in cases where members of the Defense
Space Council are unable to reach consensus.''.
(2) Clerical amendment.--The table of sections at the
beginning of such chapter is amended by inserting after the
item relating to section 2279c the following new item:
``2279d. Principal Defense Space Advisor.''.
(3) Replacement of executive agent.--The position in the
Department of Defense of the Principal Defense Space Advisor
designated under section 2279d of title 10, United States Code,
as added by paragraph (1), supersedes the position in the
Department of Defense Executive Agent for Space.
(4) Conforming amendments.--Title 10, United States Code,
is amended--
(A) in section 2279a(a), by striking ``The
Secretary of Defense'' and all that follows through
``such senior official,'' and inserting ``The Principal
Defense Space Advisor established by section 2279d of
this title shall also serve as the Principal Advisor on
Space Control and''; and
(B) by striking ``Department of Defense Executive
Agent for Space'' and inserting ``Principal Defense
Space Advisor'' each place it appears.
(d) Sharing of Cyber and Space Situational Awareness Information.--
(1) Strategy.--Not later than 180 days after the date of
the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Defense shall
develop and commence the implementation of a strategy to
increase interoperability between systems that electronically
share cyberspace situational awareness and space situational
awareness data and information across the space and cyberspace
enterprises of the Department of Defense, including among
space, cyberspace, and air operations centers.
(2) Submission of strategy.--Not later than 180 days after
the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall
submit to the congressional defense committees the strategy
developed under paragraph (1), including--
(A) a plan to carry out the increased operability
between space systems described in such paragraph;
(B) a description of current and future initiatives
to increase automated data transfer;
(C) cost estimates for developing, procuring,
installing and sustaining the systems described in such
paragraph; and
(D) a description of any regulatory or legislative
actions required to fully implement the strategy.
(e) Integrated Major Space Program Acquisition.--
(1) Limitation.--Of the funds authorized to be appropriated
or otherwise made available for fiscal year 2017 for the Under
Secretary of Defense for Acquisition, Technology, and
Logistics, not more than 50 percent may be obligated or
expended until the date on which the Under Secretary certifies
to the congressional defense committees that the Under
Secretary is compliant with the assessment, reporting, and
notification requirements under section 2275 of title 10,
United States Code.
(2) Annual certifications.--Section 2275 of title 10,
United States Code, is amended--
(A) by redesignating subsection (g) as subsection
(h);
(B) by inserting after subsection (f) the following
new subsection (g):
``(g) Certification of Integrated Programs.--(1) During each of
fiscal years 2018 through 2027, the Secretary of Defense shall certify
to the congressional defense committees that each major satellite
acquisition program that has received Milestone B approval is an
integrated program with respect to acquisition and delivery of segments
of the program.
``(2) A major satellite acquisition program may not receive
Milestone C approval if the Secretary has not made a certification
under paragraph (1) with respect to such program.
``(3) For each major satellite acquisition program that the
Secretary does not make a certification under paragraph (1), the
Secretary shall provide the congressional defense committees a briefing
explaining why such certification may not be made, including a
discussion of the matters described in subsection (e)(2).''; and
(C) in subsection (h), as redesignated by
subparagraph (A), by adding at the end the following
new paragraph:
``(5) Milestone c approval.--The term `Milestone C
approval' has the meaning given that term in section 2366(e) of
this title.''.
(f) Hosted Payloads.--
(1) In general.--Section 2273 of title 10, United States
Code, is amended by adding at the end the following new
subsection:
``(d) Hosted Payloads.--(1) To the extent practical, the Secretary
shall ensure that any space architecture of the Department of Defense
uses hosted payloads.
``(2) Beginning January 1, 2026, the Secretary shall give
preference to launching hosted payloads on launch vehicles owned and
operated by companies domiciled in the United States.
``(3) For each space program of the Department requiring the launch
of assets into space, the Secretary shall ensure that any analysis of
alternatives conducted for the program considers alternatives with
hosted payloads and commercial services.''.
(2) Plan.--Not later than 180 days after the date of the
enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Defense, in
consultation with the Director of the Space and Missile Systems
Center and the Principal Defense Space Advisor designated under
section 2279d of title 10, United States Code, as added by
subsection (c)(1), shall submit to the congressional defense
committees a plan to increase the use of hosted payloads. The
plan shall include the following elements:
(A) An analysis of how the Secretary can increase
the use of the Hosted Payload Solutions program,
including identification of planned missions over the
next five fiscal years which may use hosted payloads.
(B) Criteria and standards necessary for new
entrants to qualify for Hosted Payload Solutions
program certification.
(g) Protection Capabilities.--
(1) Assessment.--Not later than one year after the date of
the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Defense, in
consultation with the Principal Defense Space Advisor
designated under section 2279d of title 10, United States Code,
as added by subsection (c)(1), shall submit to the
congressional defense committees an assessment of desirable
protection capabilities that would enhance the integration of
commercial space systems into national security space
architectures.
(2) Elements.--The assessment under paragraph (1) shall
include the following:
(A) A prioritized list by space mission area of
protection capabilities that could improve the
resilience of commercial space systems.
(B) The estimated costs for commercial operators to
integrate the highest priority protection capabilities
into commercial systems.
(C) An examination of any issues associated with
the quality, integrity, security, reliability, and
continuity of commercial space data.
(3) Consultation.--Before submitting the assessment under
paragraph (1), the Secretary shall consult with appropriate
representatives from the commercial space industry with respect
to the initial findings and recommendations of the Secretary
developed under such paragraph.
(h) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that--
(1) the Department of Defense should thoroughly examine the
opportunities offered by high-volume satellite manufacturing as
the capability for such manufacturing emerges; and
(2) high-volume satellite manufacturing could dramatically
lower costs through leveraging economies of scale and also
contribute to resiliency through proliferated constellations.
SEC. 102. SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS.
(a) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that--
(1) current and future satellite communications
architectures of the Department of Defense should be resilient
and integrated; and
(2) to achieve these goals, such architectures should
include an enterprise-level situational awareness network and
capabilities to dynamically, efficiently, and seamlessly
allocate satellite communications capacity and shift between
frequencies and levels of protection.
(b) Analysis of Alternatives.--
(1) Matters considered.--Section 1611(a) of the National
Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2016 (Public Law 114-
92) is amended by adding at the end the following new
sentences: ``Such analysis of alternatives shall provide
detailed assumptions with respect to a comparison between the
full life-cycle associated costs for military and commercial
satellite communications, including estimates for military and
personnel costs associated with operating and maintaining
Government-owned, Government-operated systems and other costs,
including with respect to military construction. Such analysis
of alternatives shall also consider technology development of
commercial satellite communications, including high throughput
capacity satellites, commercial investment, technology
insertion plans, and upgrades. Such analysis of alternatives
shall also include available data and the results of the
Pathfinder program of the Air Force Space and Missile Systems
Center and the Defense Information Systems Agency.''.
(2) Independent review.--Such section is further amended by
adding at the end the following new subsection:
``(c) Independent Review.--
``(1) Comptroller general.--Not later than 90 days after
the date on which the Secretary completes the analysis of
alternatives under subsection (a), and prior to submitting the
report under subsection (b), the Comptroller General of the
United States shall review such analysis. In addition to any
other matters the Comptroller considers appropriate, the review
shall assess whether such analysis meets the requirements of
subsection (a).
``(2) Submission.--The Secretary shall submit to the
congressional defense committees the review required under
paragraph (1) along with the analysis of alternatives conducted
under section 1611(a) of the National Defense Authorization Act
for Fiscal Year 2016 (Public Law 114-92).''.
(c) Terminals.--
(1) Multiband.--With respect to any satellite
communications terminal acquisition program of the Department
beginning on or after the date of the enactment of this Act,
the Secretary of Defense shall ensure that--
(A) such program will field multiband terminals;
(B) any requirements developed in support of such
program, including through the Joint Requirements
Oversight Council or the Requirements Oversight
Councils of the military departments, take into
consideration the terminal user preferences. the ease
of platform integration into space system design
requirements, and the total cost of ownership,
including sustainment costs; and
(C) the Secretary--
(i) approves any exceptions to
subparagraphs (A) and (B); and
(ii) not later than 60 days after such
approval, notifies the congressional defense
committees of such exceptions.
(2) Strategy.--
(A) Not later than one year after the date of the
enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Defense, in
consultation with the Under Secretary of Defense for
Acquisition, Technology, and Logistics, Principal
Defense Space Advisor designated under section 2279d of
title 10, United States Code, as added by section
101(c)(1), and the acquisition executives of the
military departments, shall develop a strategy to
recapitalize legacy non-multiband satellite
communications terminals to multiband satellite
communications terminals.
(B) The strategy under subparagraph (A) shall
include the following:
(i) A comprehensive recapitalization
schedule for all platforms in the Department of
Defense using satellite communications
terminals.
(ii) A comprehensive list of all types of
fielded non-multiband satellite communications
terminals, the number of terminals currently in
service, and the projected schedule for
recapitalizing the terminals.
(iii) The priority, by military department,
of terminal recapitalization.
(iv) Options for migrating the highest
priority terminals in each military department
to multiband terminals.
(3) Briefing.--Not later than one year after the date of
the enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall provide the
congressional defense committees a briefing on the strategy
developed under paragraph (2).
(d) Space Modernization Initiative Protected Tactical Service
Funding.--In addition to any other amounts authorized to be
appropriated to the Secretary of the Air Force for fiscal year 2017 for
research, development, test, and evaluation, Air Force, there is
authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary $150,700,000 for the
Space Modernization Initiative activities related to Protected Tactical
Service development and demonstration, including for the Protected
Tactical Enterprise Service initiative.
(e) Pathfinder Funding.--Of the amounts authorized to be
appropriated to the Secretary of the Air Force for fiscal year 2017 for
procurement, Air Force, there is authorized to be appropriated to the
Secretary $30,000,000 for the Space and Missile Systems Center
Satellite Communications Pathfinder program.
(f) Pilot Program Funding.--In addition to any other amounts
authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary of the Air Force for any
of fiscal years 2017 through 2021 for operation and maintenance, Air
Force, there is authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary
$50,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2017 through 2021 to carry out the
pilot program for the acquisition of commercial satellite communication
services and enterprise-level ground integration efforts under section
1605 of the Carl Levin and Howard P. ``Buck'' McKeon National Defense
Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2015 (Public Law 113-291; 10 U.S.C.
2208 note), as amended by section 1612 of the National Defense
Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2016 (Public Law 114-92).
(g) Briefing.--On a biannual basis, the Secretary of Defense shall
provide the congressional defense committees a briefing on the progress
of the following:
(1) Satellite communications Pathfinder activities.
(2) The pilot program under section 1603 of the National
Defense Authorization Act of 2014 (Public Law 113-66; 10 U.S.C.
2359 note).
(3) Protected Tactical Service.
(4) Any initiative regarding enterprise-level ground
architecture or any other initiative the Secretary determines
appropriate.
(h) DHS Study.--Not later than 180 days after the date of the
enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Homeland Security, in
consultation with the Secretary of Defense, shall submit to the
congressional defense committees a report on leveraging underused
Mobile User Objective System satellite communications capacities of the
Department of Defense, or other narrowband communication systems, to
complement the communications and command-and-control systems of the
Department of Homeland Security. Such report shall include an
assessment of critical command-and-control requirements and
connectivity requirements and existing capability shortfalls.
(i) Preservation of Electromagnetic Access.--The Federal
Communications Commission--
(1) shall ensure that commercial satellites operating in
geostationary and non-geostationary orbit have primary status
for access to the electromagnetic spectrum in the 27.5-28.35
gigahertz band for current and future deployments of
individually licensed earth stations; and
(2) may not require commercial satellite entities to secure
primary access to such band through participation in an auction
or through secondary market procedures.
SEC. 103. POSITIONING, NAVIGATION, AND TIMING.
(a) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that the
importance of positioning, navigation, and timing for national security
and economic prosperity requires highly reliable and secure
positioning, navigation, and timing systems, such as the Global
Positioning System, to support commercial, civil, and national security
programs.
(b) Strategy on PNT Signals.--
(1) In general.--Not later than 180 days after the date of
the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Defense shall
submit to the congressional defense committees a strategy to
ensure that positioning, navigation, and timing receivers of
the Department of Defense best leverage the global availability
of positioning, navigation, and timing signals from the Global
Positioning System, the Galileo system, and other positioning,
navigation, and timing systems, including commercial
positioning, navigation, and timing solutions that use
commercial satellite constellations.
(2) Elements.--The strategy under paragraph (1) shall
address the following:
(A) Issues associated with monitoring and
verification of the accuracy, integrity, availability,
and security of foreign and commercial positioning,
navigation, and timing signals.
(B) Mechanisms for timely notification to military
users of the current and projected reliability of such
foreign and commercial systems.
(C) Methods for sharing information across the
Global Positioning System, the Galileo system, and
other positioning, navigation, and timing systems to
improve the interoperability and effectiveness of the
systems for military users.
SEC. 104. WEATHER.
(a) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that--
(1) commercial space-based weather satellite data and
services that meet rigorous standards for quality, security,
and reliability can help mitigate gaps in coverage of critical
weather requirements, increase resilience of the overall
weather satellite architecture, and augment Government weather
systems to create more and better data at lower costs to the
taxpayer;
(2) the Department of Defense should incorporate commercial
space-based weather satellite data into its weather modeling
products; and
(3) the Department of Defense should maximize the use of,
and incentivizes the growth of, commercial weather data and
services of the United States and ensure that such data and
services are secure, reliable, and enhance military
effectiveness.
(b) National Executive Committee on Weather.--
(1) In general.--Not later than one year after the date of
the enactment of this Act, the President shall establish a
National Executive Committee on Weather to coordinate weather-
related matters across the departments and agencies of the
Federal Government. The President shall base the National
Executive Committee on Weather on the National Space-Based
Positioning, Navigation, and Timing Executive Committee.
(2) Co-chairs; members.--The President shall appoint the
Deputy Secretary of Defense and the Deputy Administrator of the
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration to serve as co-
chairs of the National Executive Committee on Weather. The
President shall appoint such other officials of the Federal
Government to serve on the National Executive Committee on
Weather as the President determines appropriate.
(3) Organization.--The National Executive Committee on
Weather shall include--
(A) a permanent national coordination office
secretariat;
(B) an international working group; and
(C) an engineering working group.
(c) Commercial Weather Data Quality, Security, and Reliability
Standards.--Not later than one year after the date of the enactment of
this Act, the Secretary of Defense shall develop and certify quality,
security, and reliability standards, including cybersecurity standards,
for weather data and systems to facilitate the use of commercial
weather data and services by the Armed Forces.
(d) Space Survivability and Surveillance Funding.--Of the amounts
authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary of the Air Force for
fiscal year 2017 for research, development, test, and evaluation, Air
Force, there is authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary
$40,000,000 for space survivability and surveillance.
(e) Geomagnetic Storm Warning Capability.--
(1) In general.--Not later than one year after the date of
the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Defense, in
coordination with the Administrator of the National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration and the Administrator of the
National Aeronautics and Space Administration, shall commence
the development of a follow-on geomagnetic storm warning
capability that includes--
(A) the ability to forecast, detect, and issue
warnings of electromagnetic pulse events, solar radio
bursts, and energetic particles; and
(B) a timely notification and warning mechanism for
governmental entities and private sector entities.
(2) Commercial capabilities.--In carrying out paragraph
(1), the Secretary shall take into full consideration
commercial capabilities.
(f) Limitation on Availability of Funds for Air Force Weather
Agency.--
(1) Certification.--Of the funds authorized to be
appropriated or otherwise made available for fiscal year 2016
for the Air Force for weather model forecasting (including with
respect to operation and maintenance of the Air Force Weather
Agency), not more than 10 percent may be obligated or expended
until the date on which the Secretary of the Air Force
certifies to the congressional defense committees that the
Secretary has initiated a full and open competition to award a
contract for the weather forecasting model used by the Air
Force Weather Agency.
(2) Competition.--In carrying out the full and open
competition for the weather forecasting model described in
paragraph (1), Secretary shall establish the technical
standards required for commercial weather forecasting models to
integrate into weather forecasting and data assimilation
systems of the Department of Defense, including information
assurance and security classification requirements.
(g) Commercial Weather Data Pilot Program.--
(1) In general.--Not later than 180 days after the date of
the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Defense shall carry
out a pilot program under which the Secretary shall award not
fewer than one contract, using full and open competition, to
assess the potential viability of using commercial weather data
in the weather modeling and forecasting of the Department of
Defense. The pilot program shall be conducted consistent with
data standards established under subsection (c).
(2) Funding.--There is authorized to be appropriated to the
Secretary of Defense for fiscal year 2017 not less than
$10,000,000 to carry out the pilot program under paragraph (1)
by purchasing, evaluating, and calibrating commercial weather
data that meets the standards and specifications set by the
Secretary for purposes of the pilot program.
(3) Briefing.--Not later than 60 days after the date of the
enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Defense shall provide
to the congressional defense committees a briefing
demonstrating how the Secretary plans to implement the pilot
program under paragraph (1).
(h) Space Based Infrared System Weather Applications.--
(1) Sense of congress.--It is the sense of Congress that--
(A) the Space Based Infrared System has attributes
including certain sensor capabilities, revisit rates,
and polar reach which could enhance weather prediction
capability, in addition to weather data collected by
the Department of Department, in support of meeting
validated weather requirements; and
(B) the Secretary of Defense should fully examine
and exploit the weather capabilities of such system.
(2) Report.--Not later than 180 days after the date of the
enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Defense shall submit to
the Committees on Armed Services of the House of
Representatives and the Senate a report examining the potential
of the Space Based Infrared System to generate useful weather
data in support of numerical weather models and validated
weather requirements of the Department of Defense.
(i) Weather Requirements Gap Mitigation.--
(1) Sense of congress.--It is the sense of Congress that
the Department of Defense can leverage Defense Meteorological
Satellite Program payloads, including the Special Sensor
Microwave Imager/Sounder, to help mitigate gaps in critical
validated weather requirements.
(2) Report.--Not later than 180 days after the date of the
enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Defense shall submit to
the Committees on Armed Services of the House of
Representatives and the Senate a report on using Defense
Meteorological Satellite Program payloads to mitigate gaps in
validated Department of Defense weather requirements, such as
cloud characterization, theater weather imagery, ocean wind
vectors, tropical cyclone intensity, snow depth, and sea ice
weather requirements.
(j) Prohibition on Reliance on Foreign Countries for Space-Based
Weather Data.--
(1) Prohibition.--The Secretary of Defense shall ensure
that the Department of Defense does not plan to rely on space-
based weather data for cloud characterization and theater
weather imagery provided by foreign governments.
(2) Certification.--Not later than 90 days after the date
of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall submit to the
congressional defense committees a certification that the
Secretary is in compliance with the prohibition under paragraph
(1).
(3) Briefing.--Not later than 180 days after the date of
the enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall provide to the
congressional defense committees a briefing on how the
Department of Defense plans to comply with the prohibition
under paragraph (1).
SEC. 105. SPACE SITUATIONAL AWARENESS.
(a) Funding.--In addition to any other amounts authorized to be
appropriated to the Secretary of the Air Force for fiscal year 2017 for
research, development, test, and evaluation, Air Force, and operation
and maintenance, Air Force, there is authorized to be appropriated to
the Secretary $30,200,000 for the operations and activities of the
Joint Interagency Combined Space Operations Center.
(b) Commercial Integration Cell.--Not later than one year after the
date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Defense, in
consultation with the Commander of United States Strategic Command,
shall provide a briefing to the Committees on Armed Services of the
House of Representatives and the Senate on making permanent the
commercial integration cell pilot program conducted by the Joint Space
Operations Center.
(c) Report on Commercial Satellites.--Not later than one year after
the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Defense shall
submit to the Committees on Armed Services of the House of
Representatives and the Senate a report that--
(1) identifies space situational awareness sensors
desirable for commercial satellite operators and other non-
Federal Government operators to integrate into the systems of
the operators prior to launch to provide space situational
awareness data; and
(2) addresses issues associated with the quality, security,
and reliability of the data derived from such commercial
sensors.
SEC. 106. LAUNCH SERVICES.
(a) Priority for United States Engines.--
(1) In general.--Beginning January 1, 2023, in awarding a
contract for the procurement of property or services for space
launch activities, the Secretary of Defense shall treat any
offer that proposes the use of a rocket engine described in
paragraph (2) as costing the Federal Government 25 percent less
than the price listed in the offer.
(2) Engine described.--A rocket engine described in this
paragraph is a rocket engine that uses articles, materials, and
supplies that are allowable under section 8302(a)(1) of title
41, United States Code, in an acquisition for public use and
are not subject to an exception under chapter 83 of such title
(popularly known as the ``Buy American Act'').
(b) Venture-Class Launch Services.--
(1) Program.--Not later than one year after the date of the
enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Defense, in
consultation with the Principal Defense Space Advisor
designated under section 2279d of title 10, United States Code,
as added by section 101(c)(1), and the Director of the Space
Test Program, shall establish a program to competitively award
not fewer than four launch services contracts for venture-class
launch missions.
(2) Funding.--Of the funds authorized to be appropriated by
this Act or otherwise made available for fiscal year 2017 to
the Secretary of the Air Force, not less than $27,600,000 shall
be obligated or expended to carry out the program established
under subsection (a).
(c) Operationally Responsive Space.--
(1) Prioritization.--Section 2273a(c) of title 10, United
States Code, is amended--
(A) by striking ``The mission'' and inserting ``(1)
In accordance with paragraph (2), the mission'';
(B) by redesignating paragraphs (1) and (2) as
subparagraphs (A) and (B), respectively; and
(C) by adding at the end the following new
paragraph (2):
``(2)(A) The head of the Office shall ensure that, in
developing the capabilities for operationally responsive space,
the Office prioritizes market research and the identification
of commercial capabilities and services.
``(B) Before commencing the development of any program, the
head of the Office shall certify to the congressional defense
committees that no commercial capability or service, with or
without minor modifications, can meet the requirements for
which such program is being developed.''.
(2) Briefing.--Not later than 180 days after the date of
the enactment of this Act, the Director of the Office of
Operationally Responsive Space shall provide to the
congressional defense committees a briefing outlining any rapid
acquisition authority available to any other official of the
Department of Defense that is not also available to the
Director.
(d) Evaluation of Launch Services Backup.--Of the funds authorized
to be appropriated by this Act or otherwise made available for fiscal
year 2017 for the Air Force for foreign comparative testing, not less
than $4,000,000 shall be obligated or expended to conduct studies on
the potential for non-domestic launch services providers domiciled on
the territory of allies of the United States to serve as a backup to
perform national security missions.
SEC. 107. AIR FORCE SATELLITE CONTROL NETWORK.
(a) Air Force Satellite Control Network.--Not later than January 1,
2018, the Secretary of the Air Force shall enter into a contract with a
private entity to fully carry out the day-to-day operations of the
Satellite Control Network of the Air Force.
(b) Report.--Not later than 180 days after the date of the
enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall submit to the congressional
defense committees a report that includes--
(1) the detailed strategy of the Secretary to carry out
subsection (a); and
(2) an assessment of the use of a private entity to conduct
all day-to-day constellation operations, not including mission
planning and warfighting operations.
(c) Briefings.--Not later than 180 days after the date on which the
Secretary submits the report under subsection (b), and every 180 days
thereafter through January 1, 2020, the Secretary shall provide
Congress with a briefing on carrying out subsection (a).
SEC. 108. REMOTE SENSING.
(a) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that--
(1) the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency and
National Reconnaissance Office should continue efforts to
implement innovative technology upgrades, flexible licensing
and sharing policies, analytic capability, cross-training,
content-in-the-open, and use of international standards, such
as the Open Geospatial Consortium; and
(2) the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency should
expand the use of open-source methods and data to effectively
answer intelligence questions.
(b) Briefing.--Not later than 180 days after the date of the
enactment of this Act, the Director of the National Geospatial-
Intelligence Agency shall provide to the congressional defense
committees a briefing on funding requirements and any new acquisition
authorities necessary to accelerate the programs and initiatives
outlined in the Commercial Geospatial Intelligence Strategy of the
National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency.
SEC. 109. CONGRESSIONAL DEFENSE COMMITTEES DEFINED.
In this title, the term ``congressional defense committees'' has
the meaning given that term in section 101(a)(16) of title 10, United
States Code.
TITLE II--CIVIL
SEC. 201. DEFINITIONS.
In this title:
(1) Administrator.--The term ``Administrator'' means the
Administrator of NASA.
(2) NASA.--The term ``NASA'' means the National Aeronautics
and Space Administration.
SEC. 202. NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION.
(a) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that--
(1) lack of consistency in leadership along with budget
uncertainty in out-years makes it extremely difficult for NASA
to have a clear purpose or mission; and
(2) NASA should undergo reorganization, altering its
mission with a clearer focus, ridding itself of extraneous
responsibilities handled elsewhere within the Federal
Government or private industry, and standardizing activities
across the whole of NASA.
(b) Purpose.--The purpose of this title is to provide NASA with
clearer congressional intent, budget clarity, and stability in
leadership.
(c) Pioneering Doctrine.--
(1) In general.--Title 51, United States Code, is amended--
(A) in section 20102--
(i) in subsection (d)--
(I) by striking paragraphs (4),
(5), and (9);
(II) by redesignating paragraphs
(6), (7), and (8) as paragraphs (4),
(5), and (6), respectively; and
(III) by amending paragraphs (1)
through (3) to read as follows:
``(1) The expansion of the human sphere of influence
throughout the Solar System.
``(2) To be among those who first arrive at a destination
in space and to open it for subsequent use and development by
others.
``(3) To create and prepare infrastructure precursors in
support of the future use and development of space by
others.'';
(ii) by amending subsection (e) to read as
follows:
``(e) Pioneering Doctrine.--Congress declares that the general
welfare of the United States requires that the unique competence in
scientific and engineering systems of the Administration also be
directed toward the pioneering of space. The objectives of such
pioneering shall be to increase access to destinations in space,
explore the possible options for development at these destinations,
demonstrate the engineering feasibility of such development, and
transition those activities to Federal agencies outside of the
Administration or persons or entities outside of the Federal
Government.'';
(iii) by striking subsection (f) and
redesignating subsections (g) and (h) as
subsections (f) and (g), respectively; and
(iv) in subsection (g) (as so
redesignated), by striking ``(g)'' and
inserting ``(f)'';
(B) in section 20103--
(i) by amending paragraph (1) to read as
follows:
``(1) Aeronautical and space activities.--The term
`aeronautical and space activities' means--
``(A) research into, and the solution of, problems
of flight--
``(i) within the Earth's atmosphere;
``(ii) to or from space through the Earth's
atmosphere; and
``(iii) beyond the Earth's atmosphere;
``(B) the development, construction, testing, and
operation for pioneering purposes of aeronautical and
space vehicles; and
``(C) such other activities as may be required for
the pioneering of space.''; and
(ii) by adding at the end the following:
``(3) Space.--The term `space' means the domain beyond the
Earth's atmosphere.''; and
(C) in section 20112--
(i) by striking subsection (b);
(ii) by striking ``(a) Planning, Directing,
and Conducting Aeronautical and Space
Activities.--''; and
(iii) in paragraph (2), by striking ``the
scientific community in planning scientific
measurements'' and inserting ``future utilizers
of space destinations, including commercial
entities, the scientific community, and
academia, in planning for measurements''.
(2) Report.--
(A) In general.--Not later than 90 days after the
date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall
enter into an agreement with an independent entity
outside of NASA to prepare a report that--
(i) identifies activities and assets of
NASA that are consistent with the Pioneering
Doctrine described in section 20102(e), United
States Code, that should be consolidated or
downsized; and
(ii) identifies activities and assets of
NASA that are inconsistent with such Pioneering
Doctrine and identifies which such activities
or assets should be--
(I) transferred to other Federal
agencies;
(II) privatized or otherwise
transferred to commercial entities; or
(III) otherwise eliminated.
(B) Report to congress.--Not later than 1 year
after the date of enactment of this Act, the
Administrator shall submit to Congress the report
described in subparagraph (A).
(C) Action by administrator.--It is the sense of
Congress that, not later than 30 days after submitting
the report described in subparagraph (A), the
Administrator should implement any recommendations of
the report that the Administrator is permitted by law
to implement.
(D) Congressional action.--It is the sense of
Congress that, not later than 90 days after receiving
the report described in subparagraph (A), Congress
should consider legislation that is necessary to
implement all appropriate recommendations of such
report.
(d) Ensuring Continuity in NASA Leadership.--
(1) Administrator.--Section 20111 of title 51, United
States Code, is amended--
(A) in subsection (a)--
(i) by striking ``Administrator.--There is
established'' and inserting ``Administrator.--
``(1) In general.--There is established'';
(ii) in paragraph (1) (as designated by
clause (i) of this subparagraph)--
(I) by inserting ``, pursuant to
paragraph (2),'' after ``who shall be
appointed''; and
(II) by inserting ``The term of the
Administrator shall be 5 years.'' after
``and activities thereof.''; and
(iii) by adding at the end the following:
``(2) Nominations.--The President shall appoint the
Administrator pursuant to paragraph (1), from among the list of
nominees provided by the vacating Administrator and the
commission established in section 202(d)(2) of the American
Space Renaissance Act.''.
(2) Commission.--
(A) Establishment.--There is established a standing
commission to be known as the NASA Leadership and
Advising Commission (in this paragraph referred to as
the ``Commission'').
(B) Duties.--The Commission shall--
(i) provide to the President
recommendations for nominees to serve as
Administrator of NASA each time there is a
vacancy in the office, in accordance with
section 20111(a) of title 51, United States
Code;
(ii) provide to Congress, NASA, the Office
of Management and Budget, and the Office of
Science and Technology Policy, an analysis of,
and recommendations for changes to, each long-
term plan submitted by the Administrator
pursuant to subsection (e)(4); and
(iii) provide to Congress an annual
analysis of the President's annual budget
request for NASA.
(C) Membership.--The Commission shall consist of 21
members, including a Chairperson. The members other
than the Chairperson shall be appointed as follows:
(i) Four members shall be appointed by the
President.
(ii) Four members shall be appointed by the
Speaker of the House of Representatives.
(iii) Four members shall be appointed by
the minority leader of the House of
Representatives.
(iv) Four members shall be appointed by the
majority leader of the Senate.
(v) Four members shall be appointed by the
minority leader of the Senate.
(D) Chairperson.--If practicable and appropriate,
the Chairperson of the Commission shall be a former
Administrator or Deputy Administrator of NASA selected
by the other members of the Commission. If the other
members determine that it is not practicable or
appropriate, the members shall appoint an appropriate
alternative.
(E) Terms.--
(i) In general.--Except as provided in
clauses (ii) and (iii), each member, including
the Chairperson, shall be appointed for a term
of 5 years that is renewable without
limitation.
(ii) Terms of initial appointees.--Of the 4
initial members appointed by each of the
officials listed in clauses (i) through (v) of
subparagraph (C)--
(I) one shall be appointed for a
term of 2 years;
(II) one shall be appointed for a
term of 3 years;
(III) one shall be appointed for a
term of 4 years; and
(IV) one shall be appointed for a
term of 5 years.
(iii) Vacancies.--Any member appointed to
fill a vacancy occurring before the expiration
of the term for which the member's predecessor
was appointed shall be appointed only for the
remainder of that term. A member may serve
after the expiration of that member's term
until a successor has taken office. A vacancy
in the Commission shall be filled in the manner
in which the original appointment was made.
(F) Qualifications.--The members of the Commission
shall include a variety of space and aerospace policy,
engineering, technical, science, legal, and finance
professionals.
(G) Powers.--
(i) Hearings and sessions.--The Commission
may, for the purpose of carrying out this
paragraph, hold hearings, sit and act at times
and places, take testimony, and receive
evidence as the Commission considers
appropriate.
(ii) Obtaining official data.--The
Commission may secure directly from any
employee or officer of NASA information
necessary to enable the Commission to carry out
this paragraph. Upon request of the Commission,
and unless otherwise prohibited by law, such
employee or officer shall furnish such
information to the Commission.
(iii) Subpoena power.--The Commission may
issue subpoenas requiring the attendance and
testimony of any witness and the production of
any evidence relating to any matter which the
Commission is empowered to investigate under
this paragraph.
(H) Prohibition on compensation.--Members of the
Commission may not receive additional pay, allowances,
or benefits by reason of their service on the
Commission.
(I) Travel expenses.--Each member shall receive
travel expenses, including per diem in lieu of
subsistence, in accordance with applicable provisions
under subchapter I of chapter 57 of title 5, United
States Code.
(J) Meetings.--
(i) Initial meeting.--The first meeting of
the Commission shall occur not later than 30
days after a quorum of members has been
appointed.
(ii) Subsequent meetings.--The Commission
shall meet--
(I) not less than once per quarter;
(II) not less than 30 days after
the date on which the Commission
receives each long-term plan submitted
to the Commission pursuant to
subsection (e)(4); and
(III) at the call of the
Chairperson.
(K) Quorum.--11 members of the Commission shall
constitute a quorum.
(L) Director and staff.--To the extent provided for
in advance in appropriations Acts, the Commission may
appoint and fix the pay rate of a Director, a Press
Secretary, and not more than 5 additional staff
members, to support the duties of the Commission under
this paragraph.
(e) Long-Term Plans.--
(1) In general.--The Administrator shall develop a 10-year
plan and a 20-year plan in accordance with this subsection.
(2) 20-year plan.--The 20-year plan required under this
subsection shall outline broad goals for NASA for the 20-year
period beginning with the year in which the plan is developed.
(3) 10-year plan.--The 10-year plan required under this
subsection shall provide specific objectives and budget
profiles, based on the broad goals outlined in the 20-year
plan, for the 10-year period beginning with the year in which
the plan is developed.
(4) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date of
enactment of this Act, and every 5 years thereafter, the
Administrator shall submit to Congress and to the NASA
Leadership and Advising Commission the most recent 10-year plan
and 20-year plan developed under this subsection.
(f) Multi-Year Funding.--
(1) Budget submission.--Beginning with the annual budget
submission for fiscal year 2018 and for each fiscal year
thereafter the Administrator shall submit a multi-year budget
request for NASA.
(2) Rules on appropriations.--
(A) In general.--Notwithstanding any other
provision of law, beginning in fiscal year 2018, any
amounts made available for NASA shall be multi-year
appropriations or no-year appropriations.
(B) Point of order.--In the House of
Representatives, it shall not be in order to consider
any provision of a general appropriations Act, or any
amendment thereto or conference report thereon,
providing appropriations for NASA unless the funds
appropriated therein are multi-year or no-year
appropriations. The point of order provided under the
previous sentence may be waived if the Chairperson of
the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology files a
statement with the Speaker that the one-year funding is
appropriate for that reason.
(3) Authorization of appropriations.--
(A) In general.--There are authorized to be
appropriated to NASA, to remain available for
obligation until expended, for the purposes described
in subparagraph (B)--
(i) for fiscal year 2017, $250,000,000; and
(ii) for each fiscal year thereafter, such
sums as are necessary so that the amount
available to the Administrator for such fiscal
year under this paragraph is a total of
$250,000,000.
(B) Purposes.--The Administrator may use amounts
appropriated under subparagraph (A) to supplement
spending for--
(i) NASA aeronautics and exploration
programs, projects, or activities subject to
development challenges; and
(ii) NASA infrastructure repair,
maintenance, and upgrades.
(g) Accountability.--
(1) Programs that exceed cost projections.--
(A) Congressional oversight.--The directorate head
of any program of NASA, or the head of any program of
another agency for which NASA is the acquisition or
procurement agent, that exceeds program life cost
projections by less than 30 percent but not less than
15 percent shall, for each such fiscal year--
(i) be available to testify not less than
once before the Committee on Science, Space,
and Technology of the House of Representatives
and once before the Committee on Commerce,
Science, and Transportation of the Senate, if
requested to do so by such committees; and
(ii) ensure that staff of such program are
available to update the staff of such
committees on the status of the program not
less than once during each fiscal quarter.
(B) Cancellation.--Any program of NASA that exceeds
program life cost projections by not less than 30
percent shall be cancelled and the Administrator shall
not expend any additional funds on the program, other
than termination costs, unless Congress authorizes
continuation of the program by law not later than 6
months after the end of the first fiscal year in which
the program first began to exceed such cost projections
by such percentage.
(2) Automatic removal of administrator.--
(A) NASA inspector general report.--Not later than
6 months after the date of enactment of this Act, the
NASA Inspector General shall submit to the Committee on
Science, Space, and Technology of the House of
Representatives, the Committee on Commerce, Science,
and Transportation of the Senate, the President, the
NASA Leadership and Advising Commission, and the
Administrator a report recommending a mechanism for the
automatic removal of an Administrator who has failed to
achieve certain goals, which shall take into account--
(i) the number of programs of NASA that
exceed cost projections during the tenure of
the Administrator;
(ii) the number of programs of NASA
experiencing significant delays with respect to
targeted milestones, launches, or deployments
during the tenure of the Administrator; and
(iii) lack of adherence to, or failure to
complete, benchmarks in the long-term plans
developed by the Administrator pursuant to
subsection (e).
(B) Implementation.--Not later than 60 days after
receipt by the Administrator of the report required
under subparagraph (A), NASA shall implement the
mechanism outlined in the report.
(3) Cost projection.--For purposes of this subsection, the
term ``cost projection'' means, with respect to a program of
NASA, the cost commitment of such program as outlined in the
Program Memorandum officially documenting the outcome of Key
Decision Point A, and for the purposes of this subsection
subject to the concurrence of the Committee on Appropriations
and the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the
House of Representatives and the Committee on Appropriations
and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of
the Senate.
(h) Transition of Technologies and Capabilities.--NASA shall,
whenever practicable and appropriate, transition technologies and
capabilities to actors outside of NASA, including individuals,
corporations, academic institutions, and nonprofit organizations, to
the extent that doing so will not threaten national security. Such
transfers shall be conducted in a transparent manner, and no such
transfer shall infringe on intellectual property rights or other such
clauses in NASA contracts.
(i) Liability Insurance and Financial Responsibility
Requirements.--
(1) Amendment.--Section 20138 of title 51, United States
Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:
``(g) Launch Services Program.--
``(1) Liability insurance and financial responsibility
requirements.--
``(A) General requirements.--A provider that enters
into a contract with NASA for a launch or reentry under
the NASA Launch Services Program shall obtain liability
insurance or demonstrate financial responsibility in
amounts to compensate for the maximum probable loss
from claims by--
``(i) a third party for death, bodily
injury, or property damage or loss resulting
from an activity carried out during launch or
reentry; and
``(ii) a Federal, State, or local
government against a person for damage or loss
to Federal, State, or local government property
resulting from an activity carried out during
launch or reentry.
``(B) Amounts.--The Administrator shall determine
the amounts required under subparagraph (A) of this
paragraph.
``(C) Total claims.--For the total claims related
to one launch or reentry, a provider is not required to
obtain insurance or demonstrate financial
responsibility of more than the lesser of--
``(i) for a claim described in--
``(I) subparagraph (A)(i),
$500,000,000; or
``(II) subparagraph (A)(ii),
$100,000,000; or
``(ii) the maximum liability insurance
available on the world market at reasonable
cost.
``(D) Coverage.--An insurance policy or
demonstration of financial responsibility under this
paragraph shall protect the following, to the extent of
their potential liability for involvement in launch
services or reentry services, at no cost to the
Government:
``(i) The Government and personnel,
contractors, and subcontractors of the
Government.
``(ii) Contractors, subcontractors, and
customers of the provider.
``(iii) Contractors and subcontractors of
the customer.
``(iv) Government astronauts.
``(2) Determination of maximum probable losses.--The
Administrator shall determine the maximum probable losses under
paragraph (1)(A)(i) and (ii) of this subsection associated with
an activity under a contract described in this subsection not
later than 90 days after a provider requires a determination
and submits all information the Administrator requires. The
Administrator shall amend the determination as warranted by new
information.
``(3) Annual report.--
``(A) Determinations.--Not later than November 15
of each year, the Administrator shall submit to the
Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the
House of Representatives and the Committee on Commerce,
Science, and Transportation of the Senate a report on
current determinations made under paragraph (2) of this
subsection related to all contracts described in this
subsection and the reasons for the determinations.
``(B) Adjustments.--Not later than May 15 of each
year, the Administrator shall review the amounts
specified in paragraph (1)(C)(i) of this subsection and
submit a report to Congress that contains proposed
adjustments in the amounts to conform with changed
liability expectations and availability of insurance on
the world market. The proposed adjustment takes effect
30 days after a report is submitted.
``(4) Collection and crediting payments.--The Administrator
shall collect a payment owed for damage or loss to Government
property under NASA jurisdiction or control resulting from an
activity carried out under a contract described in this
subsection. The payment shall be credited to the current
applicable appropriation, fund, or account of NASA.
``(5) Federal jurisdiction.--Any claim by a third party or
space flight participant for death, bodily injury, or property
damage or loss resulting from an activity carried out under a
contract described in this subsection shall be the exclusive
jurisdiction of the Federal courts.''.
(2) Effective date.--The amendment made by paragraph (1)
shall take effect on October 1, 2019.
SEC. 203. HUMAN MISSION TO MARS.
(a) Findings.--Congress finds the following:
(1) In section 204 of the National Aeronautics and Space
Administration Authorization Act of 2010 (42 U.S.C. 18301 et
seq.), Congress required NASA to contract with the National
Academies to perform a study of human spaceflight.
(2) The National Research Council of the National Academies
released a report entitled ``Pathways to Exploration:
Rationales and Approaches for a U.S. Program of Human Space
Exploration'' in June of 2014. The report called for Mars to be
the ``horizon goal'' for human space exploration.
(3) NASA continues to request funding levels, follow
strategies, and pursue missions that the National Research
Council report identified as problematic.
(4) NASA has yet to provide adequate details or funding
requests for a plan to successfully send American astronauts to
Mars.
(5) Billions of dollars have been invested in the Space
Launch System and Orion capsule, which represent core elements
of deep space exploration systems farthest along in
development.
(b) Sense of Congress.--The following is the sense of Congress:
(1) NASA should request budget levels, and Congress should
continue to appropriate funds and carry out stringent oversight
necessary to keep the Space Launch System and Orion capsule on
track and on budget.
(2) Congress should prioritize funding within NASA to meet
the budget requirements of sending American astronauts to Mars.
(3) NASA should utilize the Moon and cislunar space in
order to accomplish the goal of sending American astronauts to
Mars.
(4) NASA should utilize commercial assets, when practicable
and available, to support exploration beyond Earth orbit,
including to Mars.
(c) Mission to Mars.--Until Americans land on Mars, NASA's main
human spaceflight priority shall be to land Americans on Mars.
(d) Activities Related to Mission.--Whenever possible, NASA
aeronautics and exploration directorates shall seek to avoid developing
technologies and capabilities that do not have applicability across
multiple directorates, programs, or activities, including missions to
Mars.
(e) International Partnerships.--NASA shall, whenever practicable
and not restricted by law--
(1) seek to secure specific investments in capabilities and
technologies needed for deep space exploration; and
(2) clearly communicate what capabilities and technologies
are being pursued through international partnerships.
(f) Strategic Planning.--
(1) Landing on mars.--The first 20-year plan required under
section 202(e)(1) shall designate a 5-year range by which NASA
intends for American astronauts to land on the surface of Mars.
NASA shall include an update of this range in any subsequent
20-year plan developed before such landing occurs.
(2) National research council concerns.--The first 10-year
plan required under section 202(e)(1) shall address the
concerns raised by the National Research Council report
described in subsection (a)(3), including concerns regarding
budget projections, the launch frequency of the Space Launch
System, and the efficacy of the Asteroid Redirect Mission.
Specifically, the plan shall--
(A) provide for the cancellation of the Asteroid
Redirect Mission, unless NASA can compellingly
demonstrate the mission's utility;
(B) explain how NASA intends to avoid missions that
lead to dead end technologies; and
(C) explain how NASA will look at all options to
maximize the utility of early launches of the Space
Launch System, including payloads (such as pressurized
habitable modules) and experiments.
(3) Continuous presence beyond low-earth orbit.--Each 10-
year plan and 20-year plan required under section 202(e)(1)
shall specify how NASA intends to maintain a permanent human
presence beyond low-Earth orbit.
(g) Rule of Construction.--Nothing in this section shall be
construed to supersede NASA's long-term goal of human space flight and
exploration, as provided in section 202(a) of the National Aeronautics
and Space Administration Authorization Act of 2010 (42 U.S.C.
18312(a)), to expand permanent human presence beyond low-Earth orbit
and to do so, where practical, in a manner involving international
partners.
SEC. 204. HUMAN PRESENCE IN LOW-EARTH ORBIT.
(a) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that--
(1) the United States should maintain a continuous human
presence in low-Earth orbit; and
(2) activities related to the transport of cargo and crew,
development operations, and on-orbit habitats necessary for the
purpose of housing Government astronauts and science
experiments, should, to the maximum extent practicable, be the
purview of the commercial sector.
(b) International Space Station.--
(1) Plan.--NASA shall formulate a plan for the remaining
life of the International Space Station and continued human
presence in low-Earth orbit, which shall be included in the
first 10-year plan required under section 202(e)(1) and any
subsequent 10-year plans as necessary. The plan required under
this paragraph shall--
(A) describe how NASA intends to maximize the
scientific utilization of the International Space
Station;
(B) include specific objectives, such as astronaut
missions and science experiments, to be carried out
during the remaining life of the International Space
Station;
(C) explore options for turning over the
International Space Station to commercial operators;
(D) identify a transition strategy for the end of
the United States commitment to the International Space
Station;
(E) be coordinated in conjunction with all
countries partner to the International Space Station;
(F) explore options for NASA's continued
involvement in the International Space Station in the
event it is turned over to commercial operators; and
(G) seek to ensure a return on investment to United
States taxpayers.
(2) Funding.--It is the sense of Congress that the
International Space Station should be fully funded in
accordance with the President's annual budget request for the
remainder of its needed life.
(3) Transition strategy.--NASA shall implement a transition
strategy for continued human presence in low-Earth orbit
identified in the plan pursuant to paragraph (1)(D) as soon as
NASA determines that commercial habitats meet the requirements
published pursuant to subsection (c)(1) and a demonstration has
been successfully completed pursuant to subsection (c)(2).
(c) Commercial Habitats.--
(1) Publication of requirements.--Not later than 1 year
after the date of enactment of this Act, NASA shall, in
coordination with the Commercial Space Transportation Advisory
Committee, develop and publish the requirements it considers
necessary for commercial contractors to provide on-orbit
habitats to meet the human exploration and science missions of
NASA, including housing Government astronauts and conducting
scientific experiments.
(2) Pilot program.--Not later than December 31, 2018, NASA
shall establish a Commercial Habitat Pilot Program to
demonstrate the viability of using commercially built on-orbit
habitats that meet the requirements published pursuant to
paragraph (1). Under the Pilot Program, NASA shall enter into
not less than 1 competitively bid agreement with a private
sector entity to demonstrate the viability and capabilities of
crewed commercial low Earth orbit platforms. Any such an
agreement shall include a commitment by the commercial partner
to fund the development and construction of the private sector
low-Earth orbit platform. If the private sector entity is
successful in funding the fabrication of such a platform, the
agreement with NASA shall--
(A) provide for the launch of the platform via the
addition of a launch to the Commercial Resupply
Services program; and
(B) include a contingent contract for NASA to
utilize no less than 50 percent of the volume of the
low-Earth orbit platform for an initial 3-year term.
(d) Commercial Partnerships for Resupply and Crew of the
International Space Station and Future Low-Earth Orbit Platforms.--
(1) In general.--NASA shall continue to utilize
partnerships with commercial entities for resupply and crew
movement for as long as the United States maintains a human
presence in low-Earth orbit.
(2) Funding.--It is the sense of Congress that NASA should
request budget levels, and Congress should continue to
appropriate funds and carry out stringent oversight, necessary
to keep the Commercial Crew and Commercial Resupply programs on
track and on budget.
(e) Priority for United States Engines.--
(1) In general.--For any mission for which NASA solicits
bids for launch providers beginning after December 31, 2022,
NASA shall consider any such bid that proposes to use an engine
built in the United States as 25 percent less than the total
cost of the bid.
(2) Definition.--For purposes of this subsection, the term
``engine built in the United States'' means an engine which
meets the requirements of the Buy American Act (41 U.S.C. 8301
et seq.).
(f) International Partnerships.--Nothing in this section shall be
construed to limit NASA's ability to enter into and utilize
international partnerships for space exploration beyond low-Earth
orbit.
(g) Space Act Agreements.--NASA shall, when practicable and not
restricted by law, continue to enter into and utilize Space Act
Agreements or other mechanisms for partnering with the commercial space
sector.
SEC. 205. SPACE DEBRIS REMEDIATION.
(a) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that--
(1) the growing population of orbital space debris poses a
significant threat to the safety and cost-effectiveness of
future civil, commercial, and national security space
activities in critical regions of Earth orbit;
(2) scientific research conducted by NASA and other
international space agencies concludes that the amount of
orbital space debris will continue to grow at an accelerating
rate unless steps are taken to remediate at least some of the
existing orbital space debris; and
(3) the United States Government does not currently have a
coherent plan for developing the capabilities for space debris
remediation.
(b) Space Debris Remediation.--Not later than 1 year after the date
of enactment of this Act, the Administrator, working in collaboration
with the Department of Defense, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration, and the Federal Aviation Administration, shall submit
to Congress a report on the feasibility of remediating orbital space
debris to reduce the collision risk for future space activities. The
report shall address factors that include--
(1) an assessment of the types of orbital space debris and
orbital altitudes that are the highest priority for
remediation;
(2) a cost-benefit analysis of remediating the high
priority space debris objects;
(3) an assessment of the available technologies and
policies to perform such remediation and any gaps that need to
be addressed;
(4) the feasibility of conducting a competitive bid process
or prize competition to develop private sector space debris
remediation services that can be purchased by the United States
Government; and
(5) an assessment of Federal agency roles and
responsibilities to provide oversight of remediation
activities.
SEC. 206. GAO REPORT ON INSURING NASA CLASS C AND CLASS D PAYLOADS AND
CARGO.
Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, the
Comptroller General shall submit to the Committee on Science, Space,
and Technology of the House of Representatives and the Committee on
Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate a report on the
feasibility of NASA insuring its Class C and Class D payloads and
cargo, including--
(1) the feasibility of insuring such payloads for a period
of time that begins at the time of ignition and ends--
(A) at the time when the payload is deployed into
its intended orbit; or
(B) 1 year after the date on which the payload is
deployed into its intended orbit;
(2) any risk such insurance will place on United States
taxpayers;
(3) any effect of such insurance on launch prices; and
(4) the feasibility of requiring launch providers to
include in launch bids the cost of providing first party
insurance of such payloads.
TITLE III--COMMERCIAL
SEC. 301. OFFICE OF COMMERCIAL SPACE TRANSPORTATION.
(a) Findings.--Congress finds the following:
(1) The commercial space industry is rapidly expanding and
holds enormous potential for innovation and economic growth for
the United States.
(2) The Office of Commercial Space Transportation of the
Federal Aviation Administration plays a critical role in
facilitating commercial space activities, and inadequate
funding could hinder the industry.
(b) Reauthorization.--Section 50921 of title 51, United States
Code, is amended--
(1) by striking paragraphs (1) through (5) and inserting
the following:
``(1) $43,200,000 for fiscal year 2017;
``(2) $55,500,000 for fiscal year 2018;
``(3) $66,000,000 for fiscal year 2019;
``(4) $80,500,000 for fiscal year 2020; and
``(5) $99,000,000 for fiscal year 2021.'';
(2) by striking ``There are'' and inserting ``(a) There
are''; and
(3) by adding at the end the following:
``(b) The Assistant Secretary for Commercial Space Transportation
shall serve as the Associate Administrator for Commercial Space
Transportation.''.
(c) Establishment of Assistant Secretary for Commercial Space
Transportation.--Section 102(e) of title 49, United States Code, is
amended--
(1) in paragraph (1) by striking ``6'' and inserting ``7'';
and
(2) in paragraph (1)(A) by inserting ``an Assistant
Secretary for Commercial Space Transportation,'' after ``an
Assistant Secretary for Research and Technology,''.
(d) Workload Metric.--
(1) In general.--Not later than 120 days after the date of
enactment of this Act, the Assistant Secretary for Commercial
Space Transportation shall develop a metric for the workload of
the Office.
(2) Contents of metric.--In developing the metric required
under paragraph (1), the Assistant Secretary shall take into
consideration the conclusions and recommendations contained in
the report by the Government Accountability Office entitled
``Federal Aviation Administration: Commercial Space Launch
Industry Developments Present Multiple Challenges'' published
in August 2015.
(3) Report to congress.--Section 50923 of title 51, United
States Code, is amended--
(A) in paragraph (1) by striking ``and'' at the
end;
(B) in paragraph (2) by striking the period at the
end and inserting ``; and''; and
(C) by adding at the end the following:
``(3) uses the workload metric developed under section
301(c) of the American Space Renaissance Act.''.
(e) Regulations Required.--
(1) Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of
this Act, the Assistant Secretary shall issue a notice of
proposed rulemaking to--
(A) update the regulations that are under the
authority of the Office contained in part 400 of title
14, Code of Federal Regulations, prioritizing the
regulations in subchapter C of such part, to move to a
performance-based approach to regulating the United
States commercial space industry; and
(B) carry out this Act and the amendments made by
this Act.
(2) Not later than 3 years after the Secretary issues the
regulations under paragraph (1), and every 3 years thereafter,
the Secretary shall review all regulations under the authority
of the Office and update such regulations as necessary.
SEC. 302. OFFICE OF SPACEPORTS.
(a) In General.--Chapter 509 of title 51, United States Code, is
amended--
(1) in section 50902, by adding at the end the following
new paragraph:
``(26) `spaceport' means any facility directly related to
enabling spacecraft to launch or reentry, but only if such
facility is located at, or in close proximity to, a launch site
or reentry site that is a launch site operator licensed by the
Federal Aviation Administration.''; and
(2) by adding at the end the following:
``Sec. 50924. Office of Spaceports
``(a) Finding.--Congress finds that a robust network of space
transportation infrastructure, including commercial spaceports, is
vital to the growth of the domestic commercial space industry.
``(b) Establishment.--
``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall establish, within
the Office of Commercial Space Transportation, an Office of
Spaceports to support, promote, enable, establish, and oversee
domestic commercial spaceports.
``(2) Recognition.--In carrying out paragraph (1), the
Secretary shall recognize the unique needs and distinctions of
spaceports that launch to orbit and those that are involved in
suborbital launch activities.
``(c) Director.--The Assistant Secretary for Commercial Space
Transportation shall designate a Director of the Office of
Spaceports.''.
(b) Space Transportation Infrastructure Matching Grants.--
(1) Definition.--Section 51101 of title 51, United States
Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:
``(7) `Secretary of Transportation' and `Secretary' (as
used in reference to the Secretary of Transportation) mean the
Secretary of Transportation, acting through the Director of the
Office of Spaceports.''.
(2) Funding.--Section 51102 of title 51, United States
Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:
``(c) Funding.--Of the amounts made available to the Secretary
under section 48103 of title 49, one-half of 1 percent shall be set
aside for project grants under this chapter.''.
(c) Conforming Amendments.--
(1) The analysis for chapter 509 of title 51, United States
Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:
``50924. Office of Spaceports.''.
(d) GAO Study and Report.--
(1) Study.--The Comptroller General of the United States
shall conduct a study regarding spaceport activities carried
out pursuant to chapter 509 of title 51, United States Code,
including--
(A) funding options such as establishing a common
user fee for launch providers or launch customers;
(B) the adaptation of compliance requirements of
the Airport Improvement Program for the unique
operation of spaceports; and
(C) any necessary changes to improve the spaceport
application review process.
(2) User-funded spaceports.--In reviewing funding options
described under paragraph (1)(A), the Comptroller General shall
distinguish between spaceports that are user-funded and those
that are not.
(3) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date of
enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General shall submit to
Congress a report containing the study required under paragraph
(1).
(e) DOT Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment
of this Act, the Secretary, in consultation with the Secretary of
Defense, the Administrator of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration, and the Administrator of the National Aeronautics and
Space Administration, shall submit to Congress a report that--
(1) describes the demand for launches and ways to improve
and enhance space infrastructure;
(2) analyzes whether additional domestic spaceports,
particularly spaceports capable of launch to polar orbits, are
necessary to satisfy some of the demand; and
(3) outlines any potential locations for such spaceports.
(f) Spaceport Development.--If the report under subsection (d)
contains a recommendation of a potential location for a spaceport, the
Assistant Secretary for Commercial Space Transportation may collaborate
with the applicable State government, local government, or private
industry representing the area identified to facilitate the
establishment and licensing of a spaceport.
SEC. 303. SITUATIONAL AWARENESS OF OBJECTS IN EARTH ORBIT.
(a) Findings.--Congress finds the following:
(1) Earth's orbit contains spacecraft and debris that poses
a great danger to other objects on orbit.
(2) The threat of collisions and increased space debris
will only increase as barriers to access to space become lower,
and the number and types of governmental, international, and
commercial space actors continue to grow.
(3) High-fidelity situational awareness of actors and
objects in orbit is necessary to protect access to space and
prevent catastrophic collisions.
(4) There are a growing number of commercial, academic, and
international sources of space situation awareness data and
analytical techniques that can significantly enhance the safety
and efficiency of on-orbit activities.
(b) Amendment to Title 51.--
(1) In general.--Chapter 509 of title 51, United States
Code, is amended by adding at the end the following new
section:
``Sec. 50925. Information and services for situation awareness of
objects in Earth orbit
``(a) In General.--The Secretary of Transportation--
``(1) may--
``(A) obtain data and information from an entity
for situational awareness of an object in Earth orbit
and the state of the space environment; and
``(B) provide information and services for
situational awareness of an object in Earth orbit and
the state of the space environment to an entity if the
Secretary determines that providing such information or
services contributes to the public health and safety,
the safety of property, or the safety of persons in
outer space and is consistent with the national
security and foreign policy interests of the United
States; and
``(2) shall establish a space situational awareness Space
Awareness Advisory Committee that consists of commercial,
academic, international, and government space situational
awareness data and analysis experts to advise the Secretary on
all matters related to obtaining, and disseminating to
stakeholders, data and information regarding objects in Earth
orbit and the state of the space environment, in order to
ensure the protection of sensitive national security
information and intellectual property while maximizing the
accuracy of data and information to improve safety, efficiency,
and innovation.
``(b) Entities.--The Secretary may provide information and services
under subsection (a) to, and may obtain data and information under
subsection (a) from, any entity, including any of the following:
``(1) A State.
``(2) A political subdivision of a State.
``(3) Any other entity of the United States Government.
``(4) The government of a foreign country.
``(5) A private or quasi-governmental entity organized
under the laws of the United States or a foreign country.
``(c) Agreement.--The Secretary may not provide information or
services under subsection (a) to an entity, other than the United
States Government or an agency or instrumentality thereof, unless the
entity enters into an agreement with the Secretary under which the
entity--
``(1) agrees not to transfer any data or technical
information received under the agreement, including the
analysis of data, to any other entity without the express
approval of the Secretary; and
``(2) agrees to any other terms and conditions considered
necessary by the Secretary.
``(d) Procedures.--The Secretary shall, in consultation with the
Space Awareness Advisory Committee, establish procedures to carry out
this section.
``(e) Contractor.--The Secretary shall, to the extent practicable,
provide information or services under this section through a
contractor.
``(f) Immunity.--The United States, any agencies and
instrumentalities thereof, and any individuals, firms, corporations,
and other persons acting for the United States, shall be immune from
any suit in any court for any cause of action arising from the
provision or receipt of space situational awareness information or
services, whether or not provided in accordance with this section, or
any related action or omission.
``(g) Nondisclosure.--Any information received under subsection
(a), records of agreements entered into under subsection (c), or
analyses or data provided as a part of the provision of services or
information under this section shall be exempt from disclosure under
section 552(b)(3) of title 5.
``(h) Implementation Plan.--
``(1) In general.--Not later than 6 months after the date
of enactment of this section, the Secretary of Transportation,
in coordination with the Secretary of Defense, the Secretary of
State, the Secretary of Commerce, the Administrator of the
National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the Director of
National Intelligence, and the heads of such other Government
departments and agencies as the Secretary considers
appropriate, shall develop an implementation plan to establish
the capability to provide information and services under
subsection (a).
``(2) Submission.--The Secretary shall submit the
implementation plan to the following congressional committees:
``(A) The Select Committee on Intelligence of the
Senate.
``(B) The Permanent Select Committee on
Intelligence of the House of Representatives.
``(C) The Committee on Armed Services of the
Senate.
``(D) The Committee on Armed Services of the House
of Representatives.
``(E) The Committee on Commerce, Science, and
Transportation of the Senate.
``(F) The Committee on Transportation and
Infrastructure of the House of Representatives.
``(G) The Committee on Science, Space, and
Technology of the House of Representatives.
``(3) Execution.--Not later than 1 year after the
submission of the implementation plans under paragraph (2), the
Secretary of Transportation, in coordination with the Secretary
of Defense, the Secretary of State, the Secretary of Commerce,
the Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space
Administration, the Director of National Intelligence, and the
heads of such other Government departments and agencies as the
Secretary considers appropriate, shall initiate the
implementation plan, including the testing of the capabilities
necessary to carry out the objectives in subsection (a)(1).''.
(2) Conforming amendments.--
(A) The analysis for chapter 509 of title 51,
United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the
following:
``50925. Information and services for situation awareness of objects in
Earth orbit.''.
(B) Section 50917(a) of such title is amended by
inserting ``or of an agreement described in section
50924(c)'' before the period at the end.
SEC. 304. SPACE TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT.
(a) In General.--Chapter 509 of title 51, United States Code, is
further amended--
(1) in section 50902, by adding at the end the following
new paragraph:
``(27) `space traffic management' means a set of technical
and regulatory provisions and processes used to oversee,
coordinate, regulate, and promote safe and responsible space
activities.''; and
(2) by adding at the end the following new section:
``Sec. 50926. Space traffic management
``(a) Designation.--Not later than September, 30, 2020, the
Secretary of Transportation, in coordination with the Secretary of
Defense, the Secretary of State, the Secretary of Commerce, the
Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the
Director of National Intelligence, and the heads of such other
Government departments and agencies as the Secretary considers
appropriate, shall designate a lead Government agency for space traffic
management activities and services except for activities and services
related to national security assets.
``(b) Activities.--In carrying out space traffic management
activities and services, the lead agency designated under subsection
(a)--
``(1) shall use the information and services for
situational awareness of objects in Earth orbit collected under
section 50925; and
``(2) may take such actions as are necessary to minimize
the collision of objects in Earth orbit that could jeopardize
the safety of individuals in space, degrade or destroy
functional satellites, or lead to the creation of significant
amounts of orbital debris.
``(c) Procedures.--Not later than September 30, 2020, the lead
agency designated under subsection (a) shall, by performance-based
regulation, establish procedures to prevent the collision of objects on
orbit. Such procedures shall clearly define the rationales for actions
taken by the lead agency under subsection (b) and the specific steps
the lead agency will follow to reach any decisions. Such rationales and
steps shall be clearly communicated to all affected actors. In
developing such procedures, the head of the lead agency shall consider:
``(1) Compelling the movement of space objects.
``(2) Commenting on orbital regimes for non-governmental
space objects during the launch or mission licensing process.
``(3) Requiring the placement of tracking devices on all
objects launched into space.
``(4) Restricting unmaneuverable satellites from specific,
highly congested orbital regions.''.
(b) Conforming Amendment.--The analysis for chapter 509 of title
51, United States Code, is further amended by adding at the end the
following:
``50926. Space traffic management.''.
(c) Report on Adjudication Processes.--Not later than 1 year after
the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Transportation, in
consultation with relevant departments and agencies, shall submit to
Congress a report on adjudication processes for actors affected by
section 50926 of title 51, United States Code (as added by subsection
(a)). Such report shall contain statutory and regulatory
recommendations.
(d) Prohibition on Delegation of Authority.--No space traffic
management activities described under section 50926 of title 51, United
States Code (as added by subsection (a)), may be performed by the
Federal Aviation Administration Office of Air Traffic Organization nor
by any other entity with responsibility for air traffic control.
(e) International Standards and Authorities.--Upon the issuance of
the regulations containing the procedures required under section
50925(c) of title 51, United States Code, the Secretary of State shall
seek to enter into bi- and multi-lateral agreements with other
spacefaring nations based upon such regulations in order to normalize
standards and authorities amongst spacefaring nations.
(f) Meeting of Nations.--
(1) Meeting of nations.--The Secretary of State shall seek
to convene a meeting of nations to develop a unified
international space traffic management regime based on the
norms of behavior set by Federal law, regulation, and any bi-
or multi-lateral agreement in place.
(2) Coordination.--In developing the regime under paragraph
(1), the Secretary of State shall--
(A) work in coordination with the Secretary of
Defense, the Secretary of Transportation, the Secretary
of Commerce, the Administrator of the National
Aeronautics and Space Administration, the Director of
National Intelligence, and the heads of such other
Government departments and agencies as the Secretary
determines appropriate; and
(B) when practicable, use existing multilateral
mechanisms such as the United Nations Committee on the
Peaceful Uses of Outer Space.
SEC. 305. SPACE-BASED DATA.
(a) Findings.--Congress finds the following:
(1) The pace of development of new commercial space
technologies and markets creates a beneficial opportunity for
improving all space programs sponsored by the United States
Government.
(2) Industry is developing smaller, more affordable
satellites which can be deployed in distributed constellations
and enables cheaper launch services.
(3) These investments from the private sector can address
critical Government needs in space.
(b) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that all
appropriate Federal agencies should explore how to take immediate
advantage of the continued growth of space technologies, data,
products, infrastructure, and services made available for commercial,
market driven purposes, and should further establish programs to
encourage the emergence of new commercial capabilities.
(c) Treatment of Commercial Space-Based Weather Data.--Not later
than 90 days after the date of enactment of this Act, and consistent
with United States law and the National Space Policy issued June 28,
2010, the Administrator of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration shall promulgate specific rules regarding the
Administration's treatment of weather data acquired from commercial
space-based systems with respect to Resolution 40 of the World
Meteorological Organization. Such rules shall--
(1) ensure that the National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration does not release more than the minimum amount of
data required under the Resolution; and
(2) consider data release time delays, data tiers, and
Resolution restrictions.
(d) Report on Earth Science Missions.--Not later than 270 days
after the date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator of NASA, in
consultation with the heads of other relevant Federal agencies, shall
submit to the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the House
of Representatives and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and
Transportation of the Senate a report that includes--
(1) an evaluation of how emerging capabilities in industry
can provide new or alternative architectures for Federal Earth
science missions that routinely collect data about atmospheric,
oceanic, or terrestrial phenomena;
(2) an evaluation of how emerging capabilities in industry
can provide new in-space platforms and services for affordable
in-space technology demonstration, new sensor and instrument
development, and other applications; and
(3) a strategy for implementing new Federal programs that
leverage such commercial capabilities, products, and services
more rapidly and efficiently.
SEC. 306. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE SPACE-RELATED ACTIVITIES.
(a) Report.--
(1) In general.--Not later than 180 days after the date of
enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Commerce shall provide
to Congress a report on feasibility and benefits of
reorganizing portions of the Department to better coordinate
and support its space-related economic and regulatory
activities.
(2) Objectives.--Objectives of such reorganization
include--
(A) stronger Department of Commerce leadership in
interagency functions where space commerce activities
are either regulated or reviewed; and
(B) bringing the benefits of space-based economic
activities more directly to the attention of the
Secretary.
(3) Offices.--Offices to be considered for this
reorganization are the Office of Commercial Remote Sensing
Regulatory Affairs, the Office of Space Commerce, those
portions of the International Trade Administration Bureau of
Industry and Security that may have unique space-related
functions, and other offices that the Secretary determines to
be appropriate.
(b) Prior Comment.--Prior to the submission of the report to
Congress, the Secretary shall allow for the Advisory Committee on
Commercial Remote Sensing to comment on the draft report. Such comments
shall be transmitted to Congress along with the report.
SEC. 307. COMMERCIAL REMOTE SENSING LICENSING REFORM.
(a) Sense of Congress.--The following is the sense of Congress:
(1) The process for licensing commercial remote sensing
under section 60121 of title 51, United States Code, should be
reformed to allow license applicants to understand the
legitimate and identifiable technical, national security, or
foreign policy issues being considered and which specific
department or agency is considering them, in an established,
responsive timeline.
(2) In order to protect United States leadership and
commercial viability in remote sensing technologies, the
Federal Government should not limit commercial entities from
providing remote sensing capabilities or data products that are
already offered or available in the international marketplace.
(3) Before the Director of Commercial Remote Sensing
Regulatory Affairs denies a license application for, or places
any restrictions on, a remote sensing license, the Director
should take into account mitigation procedures that are in
place under law, regulation, or contract to protect national
security.
(b) Deadlines for License Applications and Reviews.--Section
60121(c) of title 51, United States Code, is amended to read as
follows:
``(c) Deadline for Action on Application.--
``(1) In general.--Subject to paragraphs (2) and (3), the
Secretary shall review any license application and make a
determination thereon within 60 days of the receipt of such
license application.
``(2) First extended review period.--If the Secretary
determines that additional time is necessary, the Secretary may
extend the 60-day review period for a license application by
not more than 30 days.
``(3) Second extended review period.--The Secretary may
extend the extended review period for a license application
provided in paragraph (2) by not more than an additional 30
days only if the Secretary of Defense or the Director of
National Intelligence determines that such an extension is
necessary due to national security concerns. The Secretary may
not extend the extended review period an additional 30 days if
the decision for extension is not made within 3 days of the
expiration of the review period described in paragraph (2).''.
(c) Rationale for Denial.--Section 60121 of title 51, United States
Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:
``(f) Rationale for Denial.--
``(1) Denial paperwork.--In any case in which the Secretary
denies a license under this subchapter, the Secretary shall
provide the applicant with a copy of the denial within 30 days
of the denial, which shall identify any other Federal entity
with which the Secretary consulted in making the decision.
Subject to paragraph (2), the copy of the denial shall include
a clearly articulated rationale for the denial.
``(2) Classified information.--If the rationale for a
denial described in paragraph (1) includes classified
information, the Secretary shall provide to the applicant all
such information for which the license applicant has the
required security clearance.
``(3) Submission to congress.--Not later than 30 days after
a license is denied under this subchapter, the Secretary shall
submit to Congress a copy of the denial and the clearly
articulated rationale for the denial, including all classified
information.''.
(d) Retroactive Licensing Restrictions.--Commercial remote sensing
licensing restrictions shall only be changed retroactively for national
security issues certified by the Director of National Intelligence.
Should a retroactive change occur, the affected actors shall be
compensated for lost revenue from contracts signed based on services
approved under the original license.
(e) List of Approved Countries for Direct Downlink.--
(1) In general.--The Secretary of Commerce, in consultation
with the Secretary of Defense and the Director of National
Intelligence, shall keep a list of nations with respect to
which United States commercial entities may receive expedited
licensing action approval to directly downlink raw remote
sensing data within resolution and license terms.
(2) Considerations.--When determining the list described in
paragraph (1), the Secretary shall consider nations where a
valid export license can be obtained for space-related
technology.
(3) Review.--The Secretary shall review the list described
in paragraph (1) once every 2 years and update as necessary.
(f) Regulations.--
(1) Notice of proposed rulemaking.--Not later than 3 months
after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary of
Commerce shall issue a Notice of Proposed Rulemaking to revise
regulations contained in part 960 of title 15, Code of Federal
Regulations, in order to create different categories of remote
sensing licenses, taking into consideration the national
security concerns of the United States as well as--
(A) the type of entity applying for a license, such
as an academic institution or commercial entity;
(B) the intended purpose of the license, such as
conducting research or developing operational
constellations; and
(C) whether the license is intended to be used for
a one-time payload.
(2) Revision of regulations.--Not later than 1 year after
the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall revise
the regulations described in paragraph (1) pursuant to such
paragraph.
SEC. 308. WEATHER.
(a) Commercial Space-Based Data Buys.--Beginning in fiscal year
2018 and each fiscal year thereafter, the Administrator of the National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration shall include in its annual
budget request a line item for commercial space-based data buys.
(b) Commercial Solutions to Programs of Record.--When practicable,
the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration shall incorporate
commercial solutions, including purchases of commercial data streams,
to update, augment, or serve as a follow-on to its existing programs of
record, and shall seek to avoid starting new programs of record unless
such commercial solutions have been exhausted. Before commencing the
development of any program, the Administrator shall certify to Congress
that no commercial capability or service, with or without reasonable
modifications, can meet the requirements for which such program is
being developed.
(c) Authorization.--For the purposes of commercial space-based data
buys to meet mission requirements of the National Environmental
Satellite, Data, and Information Service, there are authorized to be
appropriated--
(1) $15,000,000 for fiscal year 2017;
(2) $30,000,000 for fiscal year 2018;
(3) $55,000,000 for fiscal year 2019;
(4) $90,000,000 for fiscal year 2020; and
(5) $130,000,000 for fiscal year 2021.
SEC. 309. AMERICAN SPACE COMPETITIVENESS.
(a) Enhanced Payload Review and Determination.--
(1) Sense of congress.--It is the sense of Congress that
section 50904 of title 51, United States Code, provides the
Secretary of Transportation with the authorities necessary to
meet the obligations of the United States under the Treaty on
Principles Governing the Activities of States in the
Exploration and Use of Outer Space, Including the Moon and
Other Celestial Bodies, done at Washington, London, and Moscow
on January 27, 1967, commonly known as the Outer Space Treaty
of 1967.
(2) Regulations required.--Not later than 1 year after the
date of enactment of this Act, the Assistant Secretary for
Commercial Space Transportation shall issue such regulations as
are necessary to provide for an enhanced review and
determination process for payloads and associated activities
after deployment pursuant to a license issued under chapter 509
of title 51, United States Code. Such process shall provide for
the following:
(A) The Assistant Secretary for Commercial Space
Transportation shall act as the final issuer of a
launch or reentry license.
(B) Review and determination by the Assistant
Secretary, with enhanced appropriate coordination with
and participation by the Department of State, the
Department of Defense, the Department of Commerce,
NASA, the Office of the Director of National
Intelligence, and other Federal agencies, consistent
with applicable law.
(C) Evaluation of disclosures from a payload owner
or operator sufficient to determine if review and
determination is necessary for a specific payload or
payload class, and if review and determination is found
necessary--
(i) approval or denial of the planned
activities associated with the deployed payload
within 60 days after submission by the payload
owner or operator, with approval deemed if the
Assistant Secretary does not reach a decision
before the end of such period;
(ii) establishment of specific conditions,
if necessary, that ensure the deployment of the
payload and associated activities--
(I) are consistent with the
international treaty obligations of the
United States;
(II) do not harm the national
security interests of the United
States;
(III) do not result in harmful
interference with approved and
operating payloads and associated
activities; and
(IV) do not harm historic
artifacts;
(iii) provision to the payload owner or
operator of a clearly articulated rationale, in
any case in which the Assistant Secretary for
Commercial Space Transportation denies or
intends to deny a launch or reentry license
application due to the nature of the deployed
payload and associated activities, that--
(I) shall not prejudice the
Assistant Secretary in a subsequent
review of the submission with remedies
addressing the rationale; and
(II) allows the applicant to access
all relevant classified information for
which the applicant or its assignees
have the required security clearance;
(iv) a requirement that the payload owner
or operator--
(I) inform the Assistant Secretary
of any material changes to the payload
or any associated activities prior to
launch; and
(II) report to the Assistant
Secretary any material anomalies or
departures from the submitted plan
during the course of operations; and
(v) penalties for noncompliance with any
conditions set forth in a license issued for
the deployment of the payload and associated
activities, which may include--
(I) a maximum civil penalty of
$1,000,000, that shall be adjudicated
in district courts of the United
States; and
(II) the forfeiture of any current,
or denial of future, launch or reentry
licenses by or involving the payload
owner or operator.
(3) Exemptions.--The following payloads, or classes of
payload, and associated activities are exempt from any
regulations issued pursuant to this subsection:
(A) An activity subject to regulation by the
Federal Communications Commission under the
Communications Act of 1934 (47 U.S.C. 151 et seq.) or
by the Secretary of Commerce under chapter 601 of title
51, United States Code.
(B) A mission conducted for or with 1 or more
Federal agencies, and determined to be subject to
sufficient supervision by the enhanced interagency
review process established under paragraph (2)(B).
(b) Exemption.--Chapter 509 of title 51, United States Code, is
amended--
(1) by adding at the end the following new section:
``Sec. 50924. Exemption from non-space transportation vehicle
regulations
``No vehicle design or mission holding a permit or license under
this chapter for purposes of space transportation shall be subject to
any regulations promulgated by the Federal Aviation Administration for
purposes of regulating non-space transportation vehicles.''; and
(2) in the analysis for such chapter, by adding at the end
the following new item:
``50924. Exemption from non-space transportation vehicle
regulations.''.
(c) Prize Account.--Chapter 505 of title 51, United States Code, is
amended--
(1) by adding at the end the following new section:
``Sec. 50507. Prize for commercial space activities
``(a) Establishment.--The Assistant Secretary for Commercial Space
Transportation shall establish a prize for certain space-related
activities carried out by a United States-owned commercial entity for
activities under a license to operate space transportation under
chapter 509 of this title.
``(b) Eligible Activities.--The activities for which an entity is
eligible to receive a prize under this subsection shall include the
following:
``(1) Operation of space stations beyond low-Earth orbit
housing space flight participants or scientific experiments.
``(2) Lunar missions.
``(3) Asteroid missions.
``(4) Mars missions.
``(5) Debris clean up and salvage.
``(6) Point-to-point missions on Earth.
``(c) Requirements.--The Assistant Secretary shall promulgate the
requirements for qualification for a prize under this subsection, and
the amount of such prize in relation to the activity accomplished.'';
and
(2) in the analysis for such chapter, by adding at the end
the following new item:
``50507. Prize for commercial space activities.''.
(d) Liability Insurance and Financial Responsibility
Requirements.--Section 50914 of title 51, United States Code, is
amended--
(1) in subsection (a)(1)--
(A) the matter preceding subparagraph (A) by
inserting ``and property'' after ``obtain liability'';
and
(B) in subparagraph (B)--
(i) by inserting ``, State, or municipal
government'' after ``United States
Government''; and
(ii) by striking ``Government property''
and inserting ``United States Government,
State, or municipal property, as applicable,'';
and
(2) by striking subsection (e) and inserting the following:
``(e) Launches or Reentries Involving Government Facilities and
Personnel.--The Secretary of Transportation shall establish
requirements consistent with this chapter for proof of financial
responsibility and other assurances necessary to protect Federal,
State, and municipal governments and their executive agencies and
personnel from liability, death, bodily injury, or property damage or
loss as a result of a launch site or reentry site or a reentry
involving a facility or personnel of a Federal, State, or municipal
government. The Secretary may not relieve a Federal, State, or
municipal government of liability under this subsection for death,
bodily injury, or property damage or loss resulting from the willful
misconduct of the Federal, State, or municipal government or its
agents.''.
(e) Credit for Payloads Launched by Domestic Launch Providers.--
(1) In general.--Subpart D of part IV of subchapter A of
chapter 1 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 is amended by
adding at the end the following new section:
``SEC. 45S. SPACE PAYLOADS LAUNCHED BY DOMESTIC LAUNCH PROVIDERS.
``(a) In General.--For purposes of section 38, the space payload
credit determined under this section for the taxable year is an amount
equal to 10 percent of the sum of the insured value of all payloads of
the taxpayer launched by a domestic launch provider, or on a launch
vehicle that meets the requirements of the Buy American Act (41 U.S.C.
8301 et seq.), during the taxable year.
``(b) Domestic Launch Provider.--The term `domestic launch
provider' means a domestic C corporation or partnership in the trade or
business of providing launch services for space transportation pursuant
to a license or permit under chapter 509 of title 51, United States
Code, to conduct launch activities.
``(c) Launch.--A space flight vehicle shall be treated as launched
if the ignition of a main engine occurs on a launch pad, a spaceport
runway, or when released from an airborne platform.''.
(2) Credit made part of general business credit.--
Subsection (b) of section 38 of such Code is amended by
striking ``plus'' at the end of paragraph (35), by striking the
period at the end of paragraph (36) and inserting ``, plus'',
and by adding at the end the following new paragraph:
``(37) the space payload credit determined under section
45S(a).''.
(3) Clerical amendment.--The table of sections for subpart
D of part IV of subchapter A of chapter 1 of such Code is
amended by adding at the end the following new item:
``Sec. 45S. Space payloads launched by domestic launch providers.''.
(4) Effective date.--The amendments made by this subsection
shall apply to taxable years beginning after the date of the
enactment of this Act.
(f) Study on Lifting Certain Launch Restrictions.--
(1) In general.--Prior to any decision by the United States
Trade Representative to lift a restriction on a commercial
company utilizing an Indian launch vehicle, the United States
Trade Representative shall--
(A) notify the Comptroller General of the United
States of the intent to lift such restriction; and
(B) allow for a public 30-day comment period,
beginning not earlier than the date of the submission
of the study under paragraph (2), on the proposed
decision and the results of such study.
(2) Study.--Not later than 30 days after receiving a
notification under paragraph (1), the Comptroller General of
the United States shall submit to Congress and the United
States Trade Representative a study on the ramifications of
lifting such restriction on the domestic launch industry.
(g) Loan Guarantee Program.--
(1) Establishment.--The Secretary of Commerce shall
establish a program to make loan guarantees to eligible
entities to carry out eligible activities.
(2) Objectives.--The objectives of the program established
under paragraph (1) are--
(A) to promote the creation of jobs in the United
States space sector, including in manufacturing,
operations, and construction; and
(B) to encourage startup companies.
(3) Eligible activities.--
(A) In general.--The Secretary, in consultation
with the Secretary of Transportation, the Administrator
of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration,
the Director of National Intelligence, and the
Secretary of Defense, shall develop a list of
activities that may qualify for a loan guarantee under
this subsection.
(B) Considerations.--In developing the list of
activities under subparagraph (A), the Secretary shall
consider the following:
(i) Manufacturing--
(I) satellites;
(II) space transportation vehicles;
and
(III) habitats.
(ii) Hardware necessary for operations of
satellites and other space vehicles, such as
control centers and other ground stations.
(iii) Construction of, upgrades to, and
maintenance of infrastructure necessary to
support the space industry.
(iv) Technology research and development
activities determined by the Secretary to have
the potential to advance the state of space-
related technology in the United States.
(4) Eligible entity defined.--The term ``eligible entity''
means--
(A) a commercial entity that is domestically owned
or a domestic subsidiary; or
(B) an FAA-licensed spaceport.
(5) Terms and conditions.--The Secretary shall ensure that
any guarantee made pursuant to this subsection is made in
accordance with the same or substantially similar terms and
conditions as contained in section 1702 of the Energy Policy
Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 16512).
(h) Electromagnetic Spectrum for Commercial Space Launch
Activities.--
(1) Sense of congress.--It is the sense of Congress that--
(A) commercial space launch services have expanded
over the past several years and are expected to
continue growing, to the benefit of national security
and civil space interests; and
(B) commercial space launch services will require
assured access to the appropriate electromagnetic
spectrum for their launch-related mission requirements.
(2) Spectrum allocation and authorizations.--Not later than
180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the
Federal Communications Commission and the Assistant Secretary
of Commerce for Communications and Information, in order to
streamline the process for obtaining any necessary
authorization to use electromagnetic spectrum for commercial
space launch activities and thereby ensure certainty of access
to the spectrum required for a robust and active commercial
space launch services sector, shall take such actions as are
necessary to--
(A) ensure that the process for obtaining such an
authorization (including the application process and
the process for coordination between the Commission and
the Assistant Secretary and coordination between
commercial space launch companies and other users of
the spectrum) is standardized and clearly defined;
(B) minimize the number and complexity of such
authorizations required per launch mission, to the
extent practicable; and
(C) allocate electromagnetic spectrum for
commercial space launch activities on a co-primary,
interference-protected basis.
SEC. 310. SPACE TRAINING AIRCRAFT.
(a) Establishment.--The Secretary of Transportation shall establish
a program to allow commercial entities to operate space training
flights using aircraft with valid airworthiness certificates, including
those in an experimental category, issued by the Federal Aviation
Administration.
(b) Exemptions.--A space training flight operating under the
program shall not be subject to--
(1) the aircraft certification requirements of part 121 of
title 14, Code of Federal Regulations; and
(2) the prohibition on the operation of aircraft with
experimental certificates carrying persons or property for
compensation or hire under part 91 of title 14, Code of Federal
Regulations.
(c) Eligibility.--A space training flight is eligible for the
exemptions under subsection (b) if--
(1) such flight originates and terminates at an FAA-
licensed spaceport;
(2) the commercial entity operating the space training
flight provides written notification to all passengers
describing the exemptions such flight qualifies for under this
section; and
(3) all passengers of the flight provide the commercial
entity with written consent.
(d) Statutory Construction.--Nothing in this section shall be
construed to prohibit a commercial entity from operating a flight using
an experimental aircraft if such operation is otherwise permitted by
law.
SEC. 311. WORKFORCE ENHANCEMENT.
Section 83 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 is amended by
adding at the end the following:
``(i) Stock or Option-Related Compensation Transferred by a Startup
Domestic Commercial Space Company.--
``(1) In general.--Any person described in paragraph (2)
may elect to include in his gross income for the taxable year
in which such person sells or otherwise disposes of stock or
options described in paragraph (2) in an arm's length
transaction, the excess of--
``(A) the fair market value of such property at the
time of such sale or disposition (determined without
regard to any restriction other than a restriction
which by its terms will never lapse), over
``(B) the amount (if any) paid for such property.
If such election is made, subsection (a) shall not apply with
respect to the transfer of such stock or option.
``(2) Person described.--A person is described in this
paragraph if the person--
``(A) performs services in connection with which
stock or option-related compensation is transferred by
a domestic commercial space company during any taxable
year in which the company incurs start-up expenditures
(whether or not claimed by such company), and
``(B) does not own or is considered as not owning
within the meaning of section 318--
``(i) more than 1 percent of the
outstanding stock of the corporation or stock
possessing more than 1 percent of the total
combined voting power of all stock of the
corporation, or
``(ii) if the employer is not a
corporation, does not own more than 1 percent
of the capital or profits interest in the
employer.
``(3) Domestic commercial space company.--The term
`domestic commercial space company' means a company engaging in
a line of business unique to a space company, such as launch,
satellite operations, software development, satellite
manufacturing, spacecraft manufacturing, and space
transportation vehicle manufacturing, with operations and
employees based in the United States.
``(4) Start-up expenditures.--The term `start-up
expenditures' has the meaning given such term by section
195.''.
<all>
Introduced in House
Introduced in House
Referred to the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology, and in addition to the Committees on Armed Services, Intelligence (Permanent Select), Rules, Ways and Means, Transportation and Infrastructure, Energy and Commerce, and Foreign Affairs, for a period to be subsequently determined by the Speaker, in each case for consideration of such provisions as fall within the jurisdiction of the committee concerned.
Referred to the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology, and in addition to the Committees on Armed Services, Intelligence (Permanent Select), Rules, Ways and Means, Transportation and Infrastructure, Energy and Commerce, and Foreign Affairs, for a period to be subsequently determined by the Speaker, in each case for consideration of such provisions as fall within the jurisdiction of the committee concerned.
Referred to the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology, and in addition to the Committees on Armed Services, Intelligence (Permanent Select), Rules, Ways and Means, Transportation and Infrastructure, Energy and Commerce, and Foreign Affairs, for a period to be subsequently determined by the Speaker, in each case for consideration of such provisions as fall within the jurisdiction of the committee concerned.
Referred to the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology, and in addition to the Committees on Armed Services, Intelligence (Permanent Select), Rules, Ways and Means, Transportation and Infrastructure, Energy and Commerce, and Foreign Affairs, for a period to be subsequently determined by the Speaker, in each case for consideration of such provisions as fall within the jurisdiction of the committee concerned.
Referred to the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology, and in addition to the Committees on Armed Services, Intelligence (Permanent Select), Rules, Ways and Means, Transportation and Infrastructure, Energy and Commerce, and Foreign Affairs, for a period to be subsequently determined by the Speaker, in each case for consideration of such provisions as fall within the jurisdiction of the committee concerned.
Llama 3.2 · runs locally in your browser
Ask anything about this bill. The AI reads the full text to answer.
Enter to send · Shift+Enter for new line
Referred to the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology, and in addition to the Committees on Armed Services, Intelligence (Permanent Select), Rules, Ways and Means, Transportation and Infrastructure, Energy and Commerce, and Foreign Affairs, for a period to be subsequently determined by the Speaker, in each case for consideration of such provisions as fall within the jurisdiction of the committee concerned.
Referred to the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology, and in addition to the Committees on Armed Services, Intelligence (Permanent Select), Rules, Ways and Means, Transportation and Infrastructure, Energy and Commerce, and Foreign Affairs, for a period to be subsequently determined by the Speaker, in each case for consideration of such provisions as fall within the jurisdiction of the committee concerned.
Referred to the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology, and in addition to the Committees on Armed Services, Intelligence (Permanent Select), Rules, Ways and Means, Transportation and Infrastructure, Energy and Commerce, and Foreign Affairs, for a period to be subsequently determined by the Speaker, in each case for consideration of such provisions as fall within the jurisdiction of the committee concerned.
Referred to the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology, and in addition to the Committees on Armed Services, Intelligence (Permanent Select), Rules, Ways and Means, Transportation and Infrastructure, Energy and Commerce, and Foreign Affairs, for a period to be subsequently determined by the Speaker, in each case for consideration of such provisions as fall within the jurisdiction of the committee concerned.
Referred to the Subcommittee on Aviation.
Referred to the Subcommittee on Communications and Technology.
Referred to the Subcommittee on Trade.
Referred to the Subcommittee on Strategic Forces.
Referred to the Subcommittee on Space.