Protect the Youth Vote Act of 2020
This bill outlines specific practices that violate the Twenty-Sixth Amendment to the Constitution and establishes procedures to enforce the amendment. The Twenty-Sixth Amendment established 18 as the legal voting age and prohibits denying or abridging the right to vote based on age.
[Congressional Bills 116th Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
[H.R. 8053 Introduced in House (IH)]
<DOC>
116th CONGRESS
2d Session
H. R. 8053
To enforce the Twenty-sixth Amendment, and for other purposes.
_______________________________________________________________________
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
August 14, 2020
Mr. Pappas (for himself, Mr. Neguse, Mr. Gallego, Ms. Meng, and Mrs.
Murphy of Florida) introduced the following bill; which was referred to
the Committee on the Judiciary
_______________________________________________________________________
A BILL
To enforce the Twenty-sixth Amendment, and for other purposes.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the
United States of America in Congress assembled,
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.
This Act may be cited as the ``Protect the Youth Vote Act of
2020''.
SEC. 2. FINDINGS.
Congress finds the following:
(1) The right to vote is a fundamental right of citizens of
the United States.
(2) The Twenty-sixth Amendment of the United States
Constitution guarantees that ``The right of citizens of the
United States, who are eighteen years of age or older, to vote
shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any
State on account of age.''.
(3) The Twenty-sixth Amendment of the United States
Constitution grants Congress the power to enforce the Amendment
by appropriate legislation.
(4) The language of the Twenty-sixth Amendment closely
mirrors that of the Fifteenth Amendment and the Nineteenth
Amendment. Like those Amendments, the Twenty-sixth Amendment
not only prohibits denial of the right to vote but also
prohibits any actions that abridge the right to vote.
(5) Youth voter suppression undercuts participation in our
democracy by introducing arduous obstacles to new voters and
discouraging a culture of democratic engagement.
(6) Voting is habit forming, and allowing youth voters
unobstructed access to voting ensures that more Americans will
start a life-long habit of voting as soon as possible.
(7) Youth voter suppression is a clear, persistent, and
growing problem. The actions of States and political
subdivisions resulting in at least four findings of Twenty-
sixth Amendment violations as well as pending litigation
demonstrate the need for Congress to take action to enforce the
Twenty-sixth Amendment.
(8) In League of Women Voters of Florida, Inc. v. Detzner
(2018), the United States District Court in the Northern
District of Florida found that the Secretary of State's actions
that prevented in-person early voting sites from being located
on university property revealed a stark pattern of
discrimination that was unexplainable on grounds other than age
and thus violated university students' Twenty-sixth Amendment
rights.
(9) In 2019, Michigan agreed to a settlement to enhance
college-age voters' access after a Twenty-sixth Amendment
challenge was filed in federal court. The challenge prompted
the removal of a Michigan voting law which required first time
voters who registered by mail or through a third-party voter
registration drive to vote in person for the first time, as
well as the removal of another law which required the address
listed on a voter's driver license to match the address listed
on their voter registration card.
(10) Youth voter suppression tactics are often linked to
other tactics aimed at minority voters. For example, students
at Prairie View A&M University (PVAMU), a historically black
university in Texas, have been the targets of voter suppression
tactics for decades. Before the 2018 election, PVAMU students
sued Waller County on the basis of both racial and age
discrimination over the County's failure to ensure equal early
voting opportunities for students, spurring the County to
reverse course and expand early voting access for students.
(11) The more than 25 million United States citizens ages
18-24 deserve equal opportunity to participate in the electoral
process as guaranteed by the Twenty-sixth Amendment.
SEC. 3. PREVENTING AGE DISCRIMINATION IN VOTING.
(a) Right to Vote.--No voting qualification or prerequisite to
voting or standard, practice, or procedure shall be imposed or applied
by any State or political subdivision in a manner which results in a
denial or abridgement of the right of any citizen of the United States
to vote on account of age, as provided in subsection (b).
(b) Violation of Right To Vote.--
(1) In general.--A violation of subsection (a) is
established if, based on the totality of circumstances, it is
shown that the political processes leading to nomination or
election in the State or political subdivision are not equally
open to participation by members of a class of citizens
protected by subsection (a) in that its members have less
opportunity than other members of the electorate to participate
in the political process and to elect representatives of their
choice: Provided, That nothing in this section establishes a
right to have members of a protected class under subsection (a)
elected in numbers equal to their proportion in the population.
(2) Violations.--A violation under subsection (a) shall
include:
(A) Laws or requirements implemented in a State or
political subdivision that reduce or abridge the
ability for students who attend an institution of
higher education and reside in the jurisdiction of the
institution while attending the institution to register
to vote in elections in that jurisdiction.
(B) Addition of seats elected at-large in a State
or political subdivision or conversion of one or more
seats elected from a single member district to one or
more at-large seats or seats from a multi-member
district in a State or political subdivision with a
significant proportion of youth age voters.
(C) Boundaries of a political subdivision designed
to reduce the proportion of the political subdivision's
voting-age population that is comprised of youth age
voters in a State or political subdivision with a
significant proportion of youth age voters.
(D) Requirements for documentation or proof of
identity to vote that exceed or are more stringent than
the requirements for voting that are described in
section 303(b) of the Help America Vote Act of 2002 (52
U.S.C. 21083(b)) or any other requirements for
documentation or proof of identity to vote that have
the purpose or effect of denying or abridging the right
to vote on account of age.
(E) Reduction of voting materials or alternation of
the manner in which such materials are provided or
distributed at institutions of higher education, where
no similar reduction or alteration occurs in materials
provided at other sites for such election.
(F) Any reduction, consolidation, or relocation of
voting locations, including early, absentee, and
election day voting locations in a single political
subdivision with a significant proportion of youth age
voters.
SEC. 4. FEDERAL OBSERVERS TO PREVENT AGE DISCRIMINATION.
(a) Federal Observers.--Whenever the Attorney General or an
aggrieved person institutes a proceeding under any statute to enforce
the voting guarantees of the Twenty-sixth Amendment in any State or
political subdivision the court shall authorize the appointment of
Federal observers by the United States Office of Personnel Management
to serve for such period of time and for such political subdivisions as
the court shall determine is appropriate to enforce the voting
guarantees of the Twenty-sixth Amendment (1) as part of any
interlocutory order if the court determines that the appointment of
such observers is necessary to enforce such voting guarantees or (2) as
part of any final judgment if the court finds that violations of the
Twenty-sixth Amendment, violations of this Act, or violations of any
Federal law that prohibits discrimination in voting on the basis of
age, justifying equitable relief have occurred in such State or
subdivision: Provided, That the court need not authorize the
appointment of observers if any incidents of denial or abridgement of
the right to vote on account of age, (1) have been few in number and
have been promptly and effectively corrected by State or local action,
(2) the continuing effect of such incidents has been eliminated, and
(3) there is no reasonable probability of their recurrence in the
future.
(b) Jurisdiction.--If any action under any statute in which a party
(including the Attorney General) seeks to enforce the voting guarantees
of the Twenty-sixth Amendment in any State or political subdivision the
court finds that violations of the Twenty-sixth Amendment, violations
of this Act, or violations of any Federal law that prohibits
discrimination in voting on the basis of age, justifying equitable
relief have occurred within the territory of such State or political
subdivision, the court, in addition to such relief as it may grant,
shall retain jurisdiction for such period as it may deem appropriate
and during such period no voting qualification or prerequisite to
voting, or standard, practice, or procedure with respect to voting
different from that in force or effect at the time the action was
commenced shall be enforced unless and until the court finds that such
qualification, prerequisite, standard, practice, or procedure does not
have the purpose and will not have the effect of denying or abridging
the right to vote on account of age: Provided, That such qualification,
prerequisite, standard, practice, or procedure may be enforced if the
qualification, prerequisite, standard, practice, or procedure has been
submitted by the chief legal officer or other appropriate official of
such State or subdivision to the Attorney General and the Attorney
General has not interposed an objection within sixty days after such
submission, except that neither the court's finding nor the Attorney
General's failure to object shall bar a subsequent action to enjoin
enforcement of such qualification, prerequisite, standard, practice, or
procedure.
(c) Enforcement by Attorney General.--The Attorney General is
authorized to monitor and enforce the voting guarantees of the Twenty-
sixth Amendment, violations of this Act, or violations of any Federal
law that prohibits discrimination in voting on the basis of age,
whenever Federal observers are appointed under any provision of Federal
law.
SEC. 5. DETERMINATION OF VOTING RIGHTS VIOLATION.
For purposes of this Act, a voting rights violation occurred in a
State or political subdivision if any of the following applies:
(1) Final judgement; violation of twenty-sixth amendment.--
In a final judgment (which has not been reversed on appeal),
any court of the United States has determined that a denial or
abridgement of the right of any citizen of the United States to
vote on account of age, in violation of the Twenty-sixth
Amendment, occurred anywhere within the State or subdivision.
(2) Final judgement; violations of this act.--In a final
judgment (which has not been reversed on appeal), any court of
the United States has determined that a voting qualification or
prerequisite to voting or standard, practice, or procedure with
respect to voting was imposed or applied or would have been
imposed or applied anywhere within the State or subdivision in
a manner that resulted or would have resulted in a denial or
abridgement of the right of any citizen of the United States to
vote on account of age, in violation of section 3.
(3) Final judgement; denial of declaratory judgement.--In a
final judgment (which has not been reversed on appeal), any
court of the United States has denied the request of the State
or subdivision for a declaratory judgment under section 3(b),
and thereby prevented a voting qualification or prerequisite to
voting or standard, practice, or procedure with respect to
voting from being enforced anywhere within the State or
subdivision.
(4) Objection by attorney general.--The Attorney General
has interposed an objection under section 3(b) (and the
objection has not been overturned by a final judgment of a
court or withdrawn by the Attorney General), and thereby
prevented a voting qualification or prerequisite to voting or
standard, practice, or procedure with respect to voting from
being enforced anywhere within the State or subdivision.
(5) Timing of determinations.--
(A) Determinations of voting rights violations.--
(i) In general.--As early as practicable
during each calendar year, the Attorney General
shall make the determinations required by this
subsection, including updating the list of
voting rights violations occurring in each
State and political subdivision for the
previous calendar year.
(ii) Publication.--The Attorney General
shall make the list required under clause (i)
public on the internet website of the
Department of Justice.
(B) Federal register publication.--A determination
or certification of the Attorney General under this
section shall be effective upon publication in the
Federal Register.
SEC. 6. TRANSPARENCY REGARDING CHANGES TO PROTECT VOTING RIGHTS.
(a) Notice of Enacted Changes.--
(1) Notice of changes.--If a State or political subdivision
makes any change in any prerequisite to voting or standard,
practice, or procedure with respect to voting in any election
for Federal office that will result in the prerequisite,
standard, practice, or procedure being different from that
which was in effect as of 180 days before the date of the
election for Federal office, the State or political subdivision
shall provide reasonable public notice in such State or
political subdivision and on the Internet, of a concise
description of the change, including the difference between the
changed prerequisite, standard, practice, or procedure and the
prerequisite, standard, practice, or procedure which was
previously in effect. The public notice described in this
paragraph, in such State or political subdivision and on the
Internet, shall be in a format that is reasonably convenient
and accessible to voters with disabilities, including voters
who have low vision or are blind.
(2) Deadline for notice.--A State or political subdivision
shall provide the public notice required under paragraph (1)
not later than 48 hours after making the change involved.
(b) Transparency Regarding Polling Place Resources.--
(1) In general.--In order to identify any changes that may
impact the right to vote of any person, prior to the 30th day
before the date of an election for Federal office, each State
or political subdivision with responsibility for allocating
registered voters, voting machines, and official poll workers
to particular precincts and polling places shall provide
reasonable public notice in such State or political subdivision
and on the Internet, of the information described in paragraph
(2) for precincts and polling places within such State or
political subdivision. The public notice described in this
paragraph, in such State or political subdivision and on the
Internet, shall be in a format that is reasonably convenient
and accessible to voters with disabilities including voters who
have low vision or are blind.
(2) Information described.--The information described in
this paragraph with respect to a precinct or polling place is
each of the following:
(A) The name or number.
(B) In the case of a polling place, the location,
including the street address, and whether such polling
place is accessible to persons with disabilities.
(C) The voting-age population of the area served by
the precinct or polling place, broken down by
demographic group if such breakdown is reasonably
available to such State or political subdivision.
(D) The number of registered voters assigned to the
precinct or polling place, broken down by demographic
group if such breakdown is reasonably available to such
State or political subdivision.
(E) The number of voting machines assigned,
including the number of voting machines accessible to
voters with disabilities, including voters who have low
vision or are blind.
(F) The number of official paid poll workers
assigned.
(G) The number of official volunteer poll workers
assigned.
(H) In the case of a polling place, the dates and
hours of operation of such polling place.
(3) Updates in information reported.--If a State or
political subdivision makes any change in any of the
information described in paragraph (2), the State or political
subdivision shall provide reasonable public notice in such
State or political subdivision and on the Internet, of the
change in the information not later than 48 hours after the
change occurs or, if the change occurs fewer than 48 hours
before the date of the election for Federal office, as soon as
practicable after the change occurs. The public notice
described in this paragraph in such State or political
subdivision and on the Internet shall be in a format that is
reasonably convenient and accessible to voters with
disabilities including voters who have low vision or are blind.
(c) Transparency of Changes Relating to Demographics and Electoral
Districts.--
(1) Requiring public notice of changes.--Not later than 10
days after making any change in the constituency that will
participate in an election for Federal, State, or local office
or the boundaries of a voting unit or electoral district in an
election for Federal, State, or local office (including through
redistricting, reapportionment, changing from at-large
elections to district-based elections, or changing from
district-based elections to at-large elections), a State or
political subdivision shall provide reasonable public notice in
such State or political subdivision and on the Internet, of the
demographic and electoral data described in paragraph (3) for
each of the geographic areas described in paragraph (2).
(2) Geographic areas described.--The geographic areas
described in this paragraph are as follows:
(A) The State as a whole, if the change applies
statewide, or the political subdivision as a whole, if
the change applies across the entire political
subdivision.
(B) If the change includes a plan to replace or
eliminate voting units or electoral districts, each
voting unit or electoral district that will be replaced
or eliminated.
(C) If the change includes a plan to establish new
voting units or electoral districts, each such new
voting unit or electoral district.
(3) Demographic and electoral data.--The demographic and
electoral data described in this paragraph with respect to a
geographic area described in paragraph (2) are each of the
following:
(A) The voting-age population, disaggregated by age
group.
(B) The number of voting-age students.
(C) If it is reasonably available to the State or
political subdivision involved, an estimate of the
population of the area which consists of citizens of
the United States who are 18 years of age or older,
disaggregated by age group and status as a student.
(D) The number of registered voters, disaggregated
by age group and status as a student if such breakdown
is reasonably available to the State or political
subdivision involved.
(E) If the change applies--
(i) to a State, the actual number of votes,
or (if it is not reasonably practicable for the
State to ascertain the actual number of votes)
the estimated number of votes received by each
candidate in each statewide election held
during the 5-year period which ends on the date
the change involved is made; and
(ii) to only one political subdivision, the
actual number of votes, or (if it is not
reasonably practicable for the political
subdivision to ascertain the actual number of
votes) in each subdivision-wide election held
during the 5-year period which ends on the date
the change involved is made.
(4) Voluntary compliance by smaller jurisdiction.--
(A) In general.--Compliance with this subsection
shall be voluntary for a political subdivision of a
State unless the subdivision is one of the following:
(i) A county or parish.
(ii) A municipality with a population
greater than 10,000, as determined by the
Bureau of the Census under the most recent
decennial census.
(iii) A school district with a population
greater than 10,000, as determined by the
Bureau of the Census under the most recent
decennial census.
(B) School district defined.--For purposes of this
subparagraph, the term ``school district'' means the
geographic area under the jurisdiction of a local
educational agency (as defined in section 9101 of the
Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965).
(d) Rules Regarding Format of Information.--The Attorney General
may issue rules specifying a reasonably convenient and accessible
format that States and political subdivisions shall use to provide
public notice of information under this section.
(e) No Denial of Right To Vote.--The right to vote of any person
shall not be denied or abridged because the person failed to comply
with any change made by a State or political subdivision to a voting
qualification, standard, practice, or procedure if the State or
political subdivision involved did not meet the applicable requirements
of this section with respect to the change.
SEC. 7. VOTING OFFENSES.
(a) Permission To Vote.--No person acting under color of law shall
fail or refuse to permit any person to vote who is entitled to vote
under any provision of this Act or is otherwise qualified to vote, or
willfully fail or refuse to tabulate, count and report such person's
vote.
(b) Intimidation.--No person, whether acting under color of law or
otherwise, shall intimidate, threaten, or coerce, or attempt to
intimidate, threaten, or coerce any person for voting or attempting to
vote, or intimidate, threaten, or coerce, or attempt to intimidate,
threaten, or coerce any person for urging or aiding any person to vote
or attempt to vote, or intimidate, threaten, or coerce any person for
exercising the right to vote.
(c) False Information.--Whoever knowingly or willfully give false
information as to their name, address, or period of residence in the
voting district for the purpose of establishing his eligibility to
register or vote, or conspires with another individual for the purpose
of encouraging his false registration to vote or illegal voting, or
pays or offers to pay or accepts payment either for registration to
vote or for voting shall be fined not more than $5,000 or imprisoned
not more than five years, or both: Provided, however, That this
provision shall be applicable only to a general, special, or primary
elections held solely or in part for the purpose of selecting or
electing any candidate for the office of President, Vice President,
presidential elector, Member of the United States Senate, Member of the
United States House of Representatives, Delegate from the District of
Columbia, Guam, Northern Mariana Islands, American Samoa, or the Virgin
Islands, or Resident Commissioner of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico.
(d) Duplicative Voting.--
(1) In general.--Whoever votes more than once in an
election referred to in paragraph (2) shall be fined not more
than $5,000 or imprisoned not more than five years, or both.
(2) Applicable elections.--The prohibition of this
subsection applies with respect to any general, special, or
primary election held solely or in part for the purpose of
selecting or electing any candidate for the office of
President, Vice President, presidential elector, Member of the
United States Senate, Member of the United States House of
Representatives, Delegate from the District of Columbia, Guam,
Northern Mariana Islands, American Samoa, or the Virgin
Islands, or Resident Commissioner of the Commonwealth of Puerto
Rico.
(3) Votes more than once defined.--As used in this
subsection, the term ``votes more than once'' does not include
the casting of an additional ballot if all prior ballots of
that voter were in validated, nor does it include the voting in
two jurisdictions under section 202 of the Voting Rights Act of
1965 (52 U.S.C. 10502), to the extent two ballots are not cast
for an election to the same candidacy or office.
SEC. 8. VOTING OFFENSES AND RELIEF.
(a) Offense for Depriving Voting Rights.--Whoever shall deprive or
attempt to deprive any person of any right secured by the Twenty-sixth
Amendment, this Act, or any Federal voting rights law that prohibits
discrimination on the basis of age, shall be fined not more than
$5,000, or imprisoned not more than five years, or both.
(b) Offense for Manipulation of Ballots.--Whoever, within a year
following an election in a political subdivision in which an observer
has been assigned (1) destroys, defaces, mutilates, or otherwise alters
the marking of a paper ballot which has been cast in such election, or
(2) alters any official record of voting in such election tabulated
from a voting machine or otherwise, shall be fined not more than
$5,000, or imprisoned not more than five years, or both.
(c) Conspiracy.--Whoever conspires to violate the provisions of
subsection (a) or (b) of this section, or interferes with any right
secured by the Twenty-sixth Amendment, this Act, or any Federal voting
rights law that prohibits discrimination on the basis of age shall be
fined not more than $5,000, or imprisoned not more than five years, or
both.
(d) Preventative Relief.--
(1) In general.--Whenever any person has engaged or there
are reasonable grounds to believe that any person is about to
engage in any act or practice prohibited by the Twenty-sixth
Amendment, this Act, or any Federal voting rights law that
prohibits discrimination on the basis of age, the aggrieved
person or (in the name of the United States) the Attorney
General may institute an action for preventative relief,
including an application for a temporary or permanent
injunction, restraining order, or other order, and including an
order directed to the State and State or local election
officials to require them--
(A) to permit persons listed under this Act to
vote; and
(B) to count such votes.
(2) Preliminary relief.--
(A) In general.--In any action for preliminary
relief described in this subsection, the court shall
grant the relief if the court determines that the
complainant has raised a serious question whether the
challenged voting qualification or prerequisite to
voting or standard, practice, or procedure violates
this Act or the Constitution and, on balance, the
hardship imposed upon the defendant by the grant of the
relief will be less than the hardship which would be
imposed upon the plaintiff if the relief were not
granted. In balancing the harms, the court shall give
due weight to the fundamental right to cast an
effective ballot.
(B) Additional factors to be considered.--In making
its determination under this paragraph, with respect to
a change in any voting qualification, prerequisite to
voting, or standard, practice, or procedure with
respect to voting, the court shall consider all
relevant factors and give due weight to the following
factors, if they are present:
(i) Whether the qualification,
prerequisite, standard, practice, or procedure
in effect prior to the change was adopted as a
remedy for a Federal court judgment, consent
decree, or admission regarding--
(I) discrimination on the basis of
age in violation of the Twenty-sixth
Amendment;
(II) a violation of this Act; or
(III) voting discrimination on the
basis of age in violation of any other
Federal or State law.
(ii) Whether the qualification,
prerequisite, standard, practice, or procedure
in effect prior to the change served as a
ground for the dismissal or settlement of a
claim alleging--
(I) discrimination on the basis of
age in violation of the Twenty-sixth
Amendment;
(II) a violation of this Act; or
(III) voting discrimination on the
basis of age in violation of any other
Federal or State law.
(iii) Whether the change was adopted fewer
than 180 days before the date of the election
with respect to which the change is to take
effect.
(iv) Whether the defendant failed to
provide timely or complete notice of the
adoption of the change as required by
applicable Federal or State law.
(3) Public interest.--A jurisdiction's inability to enforce
its voting or election laws, regulations, policies, or
redistricting plans, standing alone, shall not be deemed to
constitute irreparable harm to the public interest or to the
interests of a defendant in an action arising under the U.S.
Constitution or any Federal law that prohibits discrimination
on the basis of age in the voting process, for the purposes of
determining whether a stay of a court's order or an
interlocutory appeal under section 1253 of title 28, United
States Code, is warranted.
(e) Notification to Attorney General.--Whenever in any political
subdivision in which there are observers appointed pursuant to this
Act, a person alleges to such observer within forty-eight hours after
the closing of the polls, that notwithstanding (1) their listing under
this Act or registration by an appropriate election official and (2)
their eligibility to vote, they have not been permitted to vote in such
election, the observer shall forthwith notify the Attorney General if
such allegations in the opinion of such observer appear to be well
founded. Upon receipt of such notification the Attorney General may
forthwith file with the district court an application for an order
providing for the marking, casting, and counting of the ballots of such
persons and requiring the inclusion of their votes in the total vote
before the results of such election shall be deemed final and any force
or effect given thereto. The district court shall hear and determine
such matters immediately after the filing of such application. The
remedy provided in this subsection shall not preclude any other remedy
available under State or Federal law.
(f) Jurisdiction of Proceedings.--The district courts of the United
States shall have jurisdiction of proceedings instituted pursuant to
this Act and shall exercise the same without regard to whether a person
asserting rights under the provisions of this Act shall have exhausted
any administrative or other remedies that may be provided by law.
(g) Attorney's Fees.--In any action or proceeding to enforce the
voting guarantees of the Twenty-sixth Amendment, the court, in its
discretion, may allow the prevailing party, other than the United
States, a reasonable attorney's fee, reasonable expert fees, and other
reasonable litigation expenses, as part of the costs.
SEC. 9. SEVERABILITY.
If any provision of this Act or the application of such provision
to any person or circumstance is held invalid, the remainder of this
Act and the application of such provision to other persons or
circumstances shall not be affected thereby.
SEC. 10. DEFINITIONS.
In this Act:
(1) Age group.--The term ``age group'' means the number of
individuals who are 18 years or older, disaggregated by the
number of individuals in each five year age period.
(2) Demographic group.--The term ``demographic group''
means each group which section 3 protects from the denial or
abridgement of the right to vote on account of age.
(3) Institution of higher education.--The term
``institution of higher education'' has the meaning given that
term in section 101(a) of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20
U.S.C. 1001(a)).
(4) Election for federal office.--The term ``election for
Federal office'' means any general, special, primary, or runoff
election held solely or in part for the purpose of electing any
candidate for the office of President, Vice President,
Presidential elector, Senator, Member of the House of
Representatives, or Delegate or Resident Commissioner to the
Congress.
(5) Persons with disabilities.--the term ``persons with
disabilities'', means individuals with a disability, as defined
in section 3 of the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990.
(6) Student.--The term ``student'' means an individual who
is enrolled at the institution of higher education as an
undergraduate or graduate student on a full-time or part-time
basis, including an individual who is solely enrolled in an
online course.
(7) Voting-age population.--The term ``voting-age
population'' means the numerical size of the population within
a State, within a political subdivision, or within a political
subdivision that contains Indian lands, that consists of
persons 18 years of age or older, as calculated by the Bureau
of the Census under the most recent decennial census.
(8) Youth age voter.--The term ``youth age voter'' means
any eligible voter under the age of 25 years old on the date of
the election in which such eligible voter is voting.
<all>
Introduced in House
Introduced in House
Referred to the House Committee on the Judiciary.
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