Saudi Arabia Diplomatic Review Act of 2019 or SADRA
This bill requires the Department of State to review and report on U.S. policy with respect to Saudi Arabia, and it requires the President to impose certain sanctions related to Saudia Arabia and Yemen.
Specifically, the bill requires the State Department to review and report on (1) the U.S.-Saudi Arabia bilateral relationship, (2) Saudi government activities within the United States, and (3) measures to facilitate the peaceful resolution of the war in Yemen and the protection of Yemeni civilians and cultural property.
In addition, the bill directs the President to deny a visa for a citizen of Saudi Arabia who (1) is related to King Abd al Aziz bin Abd al Rahman Al Saud, and (2) is a high-ranking official in the Saudi government. The President must also deny a visa for the spouse or child of such an individual.
The President must also impose sanctions on persons determined to be hindering humanitarian access in Yemen or threatening the peace or stability of Yemen. Additionally, unless the President determines that the Houthis (Iranian-sponsored rebels) have engaged meaningfully in certain efforts towards stability in Yemen, the President must impose sanctions on persons determined to be supporting the Houthis in Yemen.
The President is authorized to enter a cooperative project agreement with countries in the Arabian Peninsula to produce defense articles and services for detecting and destroying armed drones that threaten the United States and its partners.
Further, the Department of the Treasury is authorized to provide technical assistance to improve governance at the Central Bank of Yemen.
[Congressional Bills 116th Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
[S. 2066 Introduced in Senate (IS)]
<DOC>
116th CONGRESS
1st Session
S. 2066
To review United States Saudi Arabia policy, and for other purposes.
_______________________________________________________________________
IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES
July 9, 2019
Mr. Risch (for himself, Mrs. Shaheen, Mr. Rubio, and Mr. Coons)
introduced the following bill; which was read twice and referred to the
Committee on Foreign Relations
_______________________________________________________________________
A BILL
To review United States Saudi Arabia policy, and for other purposes.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the
United States of America in Congress assembled,
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF CONTENTS.
(a) Short Title.--This Act may be cited as the ``Saudi Arabia
Diplomatic Review Act of 2019'' or ``SADRA''.
(b) Table of Contents.--The table of contents for this Act is as
follows:
Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents.
Sec. 2. Definitions.
TITLE I--COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF UNITED STATES SAUDI RELATIONS
Sec. 101. Sense of Congress on actions of the Government of the Kingdom
of Saudi Arabia.
Sec. 102. Comprehensive review of the United States-Saudi bilateral
relationship.
TITLE II--SUPPORTING HUMAN RIGHTS IN SAUDI ARABIA
Sec. 201. Findings.
Sec. 202. Denial of visas to certain officials of the Government of
Saudi Arabia.
TITLE III--COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF SAUDI GOVERNMENT ACTIVITIES WITHIN
THE UNITED STATES
Sec. 301. Preventing diplomats from aiding and abetting flights from
justice.
Sec. 302. Review of Saudi facility activities.
TITLE IV--PEACEFUL RESOLUTION OF THE WAR IN YEMEN AND PROTECTION OF
CIVILIANS
Sec. 401. Statement of policy.
Sec. 402. Sense of Congress.
Sec. 403. Strategy for ending the war in Yemen.
Sec. 404. Measures in response to Iranian actions aggravating the civil
war in Yemen.
Sec. 405. Report on accountability for violations of international law,
including war crimes, and other harm to
civilians in Yemen.
Sec. 406. Imposition of sanctions with respect to persons hindering
humanitarian access and threatening the
peace or stability of Yemen.
Sec. 407. Report on interdiction of illegally supplied weapons to
Yemen.
Sec. 408. Imposition of sanctions with respect to persons supporting
the Houthis in Yemen.
Sec. 409. Authority to enter into a cooperative agreement to protect
civilians in Saudi Arabia and the United
Arab Emirates from weaponized unmanned
aerial systems.
Sec. 410. Emergency protection for Yemeni cultural property.
Sec. 411. Technical assistance to improve governance at the Central
Bank of Yemen.
Sec. 412. Modification of certifications regarding actions by Saudi
Arabia and the United Arab Emirates in
Yemen.
TITLE V--GENERAL PROVISIONS
Sec. 501. Rule of construction with respect to International Emergency
Economic Powers Act.
Sec. 502. Rule of construction with respect to use of military force.
Sec. 503. Sunset.
SEC. 2. DEFINITIONS.
In this Act:
(1) Admission; admitted; alien.--The terms ``admission'',
``admitted'', and ``alien'' have the meanings given those terms
in section 101 of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C.
1101).
(2) Knowingly.--The term ``knowingly'', with respect to
conduct, a circumstance, or a result, means that a person has
actual knowledge, or should have known, of the conduct, the
circumstance, or the result.
TITLE I--COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF UNITED STATES SAUDI RELATIONS
SEC. 101. SENSE OF CONGRESS ON ACTIONS OF THE GOVERNMENT OF THE KINGDOM
OF SAUDI ARABIA.
(a) Findings.--Congress makes the following findings:
(1) Historically, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has been an
important strategic partner of the United States, and the
United States and Saudi Arabia share broad interests, including
defeating the Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS), combating
al Qaeda and its affiliates, regional stability, and countering
Iran's malign activities in the Middle East.
(2) On June 21, 2017, King Salman appointed Prince Mohammed
bin Salman as Crown Prince and heir apparent to the Saudi
throne.
(3) Following his elevation in the line of succession to
the Saudi throne, Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman's actions
have had the potential to significantly harm the United States
historic relationship with Saudi Arabia. The Crown Prince has
frequently behaved in a reckless manner, including arresting
those opposed to his rule. He has engaged in problematic
foreign policy, including pressuring the Lebanese Prime
Minister to resign, and he has consolidated his personal
control over Saudi government decision making.
(4) One of Mohammed bin Salman's first acts as Saudi
Arabia's minister of defense was to launch a military campaign
in Yemen with the stated objective of restoring the
internationally recognized Government of Yemen, which had been
forced out of Yemen by Iran-backed Houthi forces and former
military units loyal to deposed President Ali Saleh.
(5) As of July 2019, Iranian-sponsored Houthi rebels have
conducted up to 14 ballistic missile and weaponized unmanned
aerial system attacks per month against Saudi Arabia and the
United Arab Emirates, posing a significant threat and
endangering the lives of 80,000 Americans residing on the
Arabian Peninsula.
(6) Yemen serves as sanctuary space for al Qaeda in the
Arabian Peninsula (AQAP). AQAP external operations plotting
poses a direct threat to the United States and United States
allies. AQAP was responsible for the Paris attacks against the
offices of Charlie Hebdo in January 2015, and was involved in
terrorist plots against the United States, including the
``Christmas Day Bomber'' in 2009 and the ``Times Square
Bomber'' in 2010. The ongoing civil war and resulting
instability has complicated efforts to counter AQAP in Yemen.
(7) Yemen sits adjacent to the Bab el-Mandeb strait, a
strategic waterway located between Djibouti and Yemen that
links the Red Sea to the Indian Ocean. Free flow of traffic
through the strait, only 18 miles across at its narrowest
point, is critical to exports from the Persian Gulf and Asia
destined for Western markets.
(8) Iranian-sponsored Houthi coastal weapons, explosive
boats, and mines pose a direct threat to the free flow of
commerce and shipping through the Bab el-Mandeb strait.
(9) In October 2016, Houthi forces struck a United Arab
Emirates merchant vessel, and twice attacked a United States
Navy vessel, the USS Mason, as they transited the Bab el-Mandeb
strait. In July 2018, Iranian-sponsored Houthi forces attacked
and damaged two Saudi oil tankers attempting to transit the
strait.
(10) According to the United Nations, the civil war in
Yemen is the world's worst humanitarian crisis and has resulted
in approximately 24,000,000 Yemenis in need of humanitarian
assistance, roughly 80 percent of the population.
(11) The Houthi seizure of the Sana'a Central Bank has
resulted in the inability to pay government salaries in Yemen
and the breakdown of banking functions, which has complicated
the humanitarian crisis and further hampered access to aid
supplies.
(12) Despite framework agreements in Stockholm and
Hudaydah, the conflict in Yemen continues unabated.
(13) On June 5, 2017, Saudi Arabia, along with the United
Arab Emirates, Bahrain, Egypt, and other countries, severed
diplomatic relations with Qatar, recalled their ambassadors,
expelled Qatari diplomats, and imposed limits on the entry and
transit of Qatari nationals and vessels in their territories,
waters, and airspace.
(14) The blockade against Qatar has significantly
complicated relationships in the region and hindered United
States counterterrorism and counter-Iran objectives, undermined
United States efforts to end regional conflicts, and empowered
Iranian influence in the region.
(15) According to the organization Reporters without
Borders, the number of arrests of journalists and bloggers has
doubled since the appointment of Crown Prince Mohammad bin
Salman.
(16) Under Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman, the Government
of Saudi Arabia continues to detain political prisoners,
including Saudi women's rights advocates.
(17) Jamal Khashoggi was a prominent Saudi journalist and
an outspoken critic of Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman.
Throughout 2017 and 2018, Jamal Khashoggi wrote a series of
opinion articles offering pointed critiques and advice to Crown
Prince Mohammed bin Salman and to United States and Saudi
officials.
(18) Prior to his death, Jamal Khashoggi had sought status
as a lawful permanent resident of the United States and was the
father to four United States citizens. On October 2, 2018,
Jamal Khashoggi disappeared during a visit to the Consulate of
the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in Istanbul, Turkey.
(19) On October 8, 2018, the brother of Crown Prince
Mohammed bin Salman and Saudi Ambassador to the United States,
Prince Khalid bin Salman, stated that ``the reports that
suggest that Jamal Khashoggi went missing in the Consulate in
Istanbul or that the Kingdom's authorities have detained him or
killed him are absolutely false, and baseless''.
(20) On October 19, 2018, the Saudi Ministry of Foreign
Affairs announced that Mr. Khashoggi was murdered inside the
Saudi consulate by Saudi nationals on October 2, 2018.
(21) On December 13, 2018, the Senate passed Senate Joint
Resolution 69, a joint resolution supporting a diplomatic
solution in Yemen and condemning the murder of Jamal Khashoggi,
stating that the Senate ``believes Crown Prince Mohammad bin
Salman is responsible for the murder of Jamal Khashoggi'' and
calling on the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia to ensure appropriate
accountability for all those responsible for Jamal Khashoggi's
murder.
(b) Sense of Congress Regarding the Actions of the Government of
Saudi Arabia.--It is the sense of Congress that, since the promotion of
Mohammad bin Salman to the position of Crown Prince with significant
authority over foreign and domestic affairs of the Kingdom of Saudi
Arabia, the Government of Saudi Arabia has demonstrated increasingly
erratic and disturbing conduct that--
(1) threatens to undermine and alienate allies, friends,
and partners of the United States in efforts to promote
regional stability, economic growth, and human rights;
(2) threatens to place United States national interests in
the Middle East in serious danger; and
(3) necessitates a comprehensive review of the United
States-Saudi bilateral relationship.
SEC. 102. COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF THE UNITED STATES-SAUDI BILATERAL
RELATIONSHIP.
(a) Review.--The Secretary of State, in consultation with the
Secretary of Defense, the Director of National Intelligence, and the
Secretary of the Treasury and any other department or agency the
President may designate, shall conduct a comprehensive review of United
States relations with the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
(b) Report.--
(1) In general.--Not later than 270 days after the date of
enactment of this Act, the Secretary of State shall submit to
the appropriate congressional committees a report with the
findings of the review conducted under subsection (a).
(2) Elements.--The report required under paragraph (1)
shall include:
(A) A review of the foreign policy goals of the
Government of Saudi Arabia, with an evaluation as to
whether those goals align with, or could potentially
cause damage to, United States regional interests.
(B) An evaluation of the current risks to United
States policy, interests, and influence in the Middle
East created by the actions of the Government of Saudi
Arabia in furtherance of its foreign policy goals, with
particular attention to violations of treaty
obligations, detention of foreign government officials,
and economic embargoes of countries in the region.
(C) An analysis of the current diplomatic
relationships between Saudi Arabia and other regional
and global actors--in particular, Saudi relationships
with the Russian Federation and the People's Republic
of China.
(D) An evaluation of the human rights record of the
current Government of Saudi Arabia and its compliance
with internationally recognized individual, civil, and
political rights, as set forth in the Universal
Declaration of Human Rights, adopted by the United
Nations General Assembly in Paris on December 10, 1948,
and other international agreements, in particular with
respect to the following factors:
(i) The extent to which officials of the
Government of Saudi Arabia, including members
of the military or security services, are
responsible for or complicit in gross
violations of internationally recognized human
rights, including violations of the human
rights of journalists, bloggers, and those who
support women's rights or religious freedom.
(ii) The extent to which the Government of
Saudi Arabia--
(I) has knowingly blocked access to
Yemeni ports, ports of entry, or other
facilities used by the United Nations,
its specialized agencies and
implementing partners, nongovernmental
organizations, or any other actors
engaged in humanitarian relief
activities in Yemen;
(II) has hindered the efforts of
the organizations described in
subclause (I) to deliver humanitarian
relief, including through diversion of
goods and materials intended to provide
relief to civilians in Yemen; and
(III) has prohibited or directly or
indirectly restricted the transport or
delivery of United States humanitarian
assistance to Yemen.
(iii) The extent to which Saudi Arabia has
improved targeting and strike procedures to
reduce harm to civilians and unnecessary
collateral damage in Yemen.
(E) A review of United States export controls to
ensure certain exports of law enforcement technology
are not being used to suppress legitimate calls for
improvements in governance or human rights.
(F) A review of the diplomatic presence of Saudi
Arabia within the United States.
(G) An evaluation of United States security
cooperation with Saudi Arabia, including an evaluation
of how--
(i) the Government of Saudi Arabia has used
the defense articles and defense services it
has received from the United States;
(ii) its junior officers and
noncommissioned officers have performed in
military campaigns since 2001; and
(iii) the military of Saudi Arabia is
equipped and trained for asymmetric warfare.
(H) An evaluation of whether and to what extent
United States entities with licenses issued by the
Department of State have trained and supported Saudi
security forces.
(I) An evaluation of the ability of the Government
of Saudi Arabia to influence global oil prices.
(J) A review of the financial and material support
of the Government of Saudi Arabia for the construction
or renovation of educational institutions abroad that
promote Salafism, Wahhabism, or other strict
interpretations of Islam and to what extent those
institutions have contributed to a rise in extremist
views globally.
(K) Any other matters that the Secretary of State
considers relevant.
(3) Form.--The report required under paragraph (1) shall be
in unclassified form but may contain a classified annex.
(c) Period of Review.--The review required under subsection (a)
shall cover the period beginning with the appointment of Mohammad bin
Salman to the position of Deputy Crown Prince.
(d) Establishment of Mechanism for Public Comment.--
(1) Establishment.--The Department of State shall establish
a mechanism to provide a 30-day period to receive written
comments from interested parties, including a process for--
(A) initial public notification that the Department
is conducting a review;
(B) guidance on the scope of the review; and
(C) the receipt of public comments.
(2) Public availability.--The Department of State shall
endeavor to make comments received from the public available in
a timely and easily accessible manner.
(e) Consideration of Public Comments.--The Department shall
consider public comments received but may use discretion with respect
to the inclusion of public comments in its evaluation, analysis, and
conclusions in the report required under subsection (b).
(f) Appropriate Congressional Committees Defined.--In this section,
the term ``appropriate congressional committees'' means--
(1) the Committee on Foreign Relations, the Committee on
Armed Services, and the Select Committee on Intelligence of the
Senate; and
(2) the Committee on Foreign Affairs, the Committee on
Armed Services, and the Permanent Select Committee on
Intelligence of the House of Representatives.
TITLE II--SUPPORTING HUMAN RIGHTS IN SAUDI ARABIA
SEC. 201. FINDINGS.
Congress makes the following findings:
(1) Since May 2018, the Government of Saudi Arabia has
arrested prominent women's rights advocates and imposed travel
bans on numerous others--many of them longtime supporters of
ending the ban on women driving and abolishing the male
guardianship system.
(2) Many of the jailed activists have not been charged with
or convicted of any crimes, and many reportedly have been held
in solitary confinement for prolonged periods.
(3) At least 10 women's rights activists have been
subjected to psychological and physical abuse, including sexual
violence, beatings, electric shocks, and sleep deprivation,
according to press reports.
(4) According to the 2018 Department of State Human Rights
Report, Saudi Arabia human rights violations and issues
included arbitrary arrest and detention, the detention of
political prisoners, torture of prisoners, criminalization of
libel, censorship, and restrictions on peaceful assembly.
SEC. 202. DENIAL OF VISAS TO CERTAIN OFFICIALS OF THE GOVERNMENT OF
SAUDI ARABIA.
(a) In General.--The President shall deny any visa to, and revoke
any visa of, any individual who is--
(1) a citizen of Saudi Arabia--
(A) descended from King Abd al Aziz bin Abd al
Rahman Al Saud (aka Abdulaziz ibn Saud); and
(B) serving in a position in the Government of
Saudi Arabia that the President determines is
equivalent to--
(i) a position in the Executive Schedule
specified in subchapter II of chapter 53 of
title 5, United States Code; or
(ii) a Senior Executive Service position
(as defined in section 3132 of title 5, United
States Code) in the United States; or
(2) a spouse or child of an individual described in
paragraph (1).
(b) Exception for Compliance With International Obligations.--
Subsection (a) shall not apply with respect to the admission of an
individual to the United States if such admission is necessary to
comply with United States obligations under the Agreement between the
United Nations and the United States of America regarding the
Headquarters of the United Nations, signed at Lake Success June 26,
1947, and entered into force November 21, 1947, under the Convention on
Consular Relations, done at Vienna April 24, 1963, and entered into
force March 19, 1967, or under other international obligations.
(c) Waivers.--
(1) Participants in international military education and
training program.--The President may waive the application of
subsection (a) with respect to an individual who is a
participant in the International Military Education and
Training program.
(2) National interest waiver.--The President may waive the
application of subsection (a) with respect to an individual if
the President determines that the waiver is important to the
national interests of the United States.
(3) Report on waivers.--
(A) In general.--Not later than 30 days after
issuing a waiver under paragraph (1) or (2), the
President shall submit to the appropriate congressional
committees a report on the waiver and the reasons for
issuing the waiver.
(B) Form of report.--A report required by
subparagraph (A) may be submitted in classified form if
necessary.
(d) Termination.--This section shall terminate on the date on which
the President certifies to the appropriate congressional committees
that the Government of Saudi Arabia has made demonstrable progress in
addressing arbitrary detentions, forced disappearances, and torture of
prisoners.
(e) Appropriate Congressional Committees Defined.--In this section,
the term ``appropriate congressional committees'' means--
(1) the Committee on Foreign Relations, the Committee on
Armed Services, and the Select Committee on Intelligence of the
Senate; and
(2) the Committee on Foreign Affairs, the Committee on
Armed Services, and the Permanent Select Committee on
Intelligence of the House of Representatives.
TITLE III--COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF SAUDI GOVERNMENT ACTIVITIES WITHIN
THE UNITED STATES
SEC. 301. PREVENTING DIPLOMATS FROM AIDING AND ABETTING FLIGHTS FROM
JUSTICE.
(a) Reporting Requirement.--
(1) In general.--Not later than 90 days after the date of
the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of State, in
coordination with the Attorney General and the Director of
National Intelligence, shall submit a report to the President
and the appropriate congressional committees that describes the
degree to which any citizen of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia who
enjoys diplomatic immunity from criminal jurisdiction in the
United States has assisted in the unlawful removal of any Saudi
citizen in the United States for the purposes of evading
criminal prosecution or otherwise evading a criminal sentence
in the United States.
(2) Elements.--The report required under paragraph (1)
shall include the following elements:
(A) A review of the extent to which officials from
the Government of Saudi Arabia assist in the posting of
bond for Saudi nationals facing criminal prosecution
within the United States.
(B) A review as to whether officials from the
Government of Saudi Arabia have aided, abetted, or
assisted in any way Saudi nationals in avoiding
criminal prosecution in the United States, including an
assessment as to the scope and frequency of any such
conduct.
(C) A review as to whether officials from the
Government of Saudi Arabia have harbored or concealed
Saudi nationals after escape from the lawful custody of
a Federal, State, or local law enforcement authority or
penal or correctional institution, including an
assessment as to the scope and frequency of any such
conduct.
(D) A review of how the Government of Saudi
Arabia's conduct compares to that of other foreign
governments.
(E) A review of the effectiveness of terms of bail
requiring the surrender of a foreign national's
passport as a condition of release at preventing
foreign nationals from fleeing Federal, State, and
local criminal justice systems within the United
States, including an assessment of any shortcomings in
current policies.
(F) Any other matter the Secretary of State
determines relevant.
(3) Form.--The report required under paragraph (1) shall be
submitted in unclassified form, but may include a classified
annex.
(4) Inclusion of information in report on cases involving
diplomatic immunity.--Any conclusions reached during the
preparation of the report required under paragraph (1) shall be
included in the first Report on Cases Involving Diplomatic
Immunity submitted to Congress pursuant to sections 56 and 204B
of the State Department Basic Authorities Act of 1956 (22
U.S.C. 2728 and 4304b) after the date of the enactment of this
Act.
(5) Appropriate congressional committees defined.--In this
section, the term ``appropriate congressional committees''
means--
(A) the Committee on Foreign Relations, the
Committee on the Judiciary, and the Select Committee on
Intelligence of the Senate; and
(B) the Committee on Foreign Affairs, the Committee
on the Judiciary, and the Permanent Select Committee on
Intelligence of the House of Representatives.
(b) Presidential Authorization.--If the report required under
subsection (a) concludes that officials from the Government of Saudi
Arabia have aided, abetted, or assisted in the unlawful removal of
Saudi nationals from the United States or harbored Saudi nationals
within the United States for the purpose of avoiding criminal
prosecution or evading law enforcement authorities, the President is
authorized to enforce any of the measures described in subsection (c).
(c) Penalties.--
(1) Denial of use of certain diplomatic facilities.--
Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the President may
deny access to and use by the Government of Saudi Arabia of
Saudi-owned diplomatic facilities and properties located at
2045 Sawtelle Boulevard, Los Angeles, California, or 8500
Hilltop Road, Fairfax, Virginia.
(2) Suspension of flights to and from the united states by
saudi arabian air carriers.--
(A) Suspension of operating permit.--
(i) In general.--Notwithstanding any
agreement between the United States and Saudi
Arabia relating to air services, the President
may suspend the permit of a foreign air carrier
owned or controlled, directly or indirectly, by
the Government of Saudi Arabia to operate in
foreign air transportation under chapter 413 of
title 49, United States Code.
(ii) Procedures.--If the President
determines under clause (i) to suspend the
permit of an air carrier described in that
clause--
(I) the President shall notify the
Government of Saudi Arabia of the
intention of the President to suspend
the permit; and
(II) not later than 10 days after
the President notifies that Government
of that intention, the Secretary of
Transportation shall take such measures
as may be necessary to suspend the
permit at the earliest possible date.
(B) Suspension of air service agreement.--
(i) In general.--The President may direct
the Secretary of State to terminate any
agreement between the United States and Saudi
Arabia relating to air services in accordance
with the provisions of that agreement.
(ii) Suspension of operating permit.--Upon
termination of an agreement under clause (i),
the Secretary of Transportation may take such
measures as may be necessary to revoke, at the
earliest possible date, the permit of any
foreign air carrier owned or controlled,
directly or indirectly, by the Government of
Saudi Arabia to operate in foreign air
transportation under chapter 413 of title 49,
United States Code.
(C) Exceptions.--The Secretary of Transportation
may provide for such exceptions to subparagraphs (A)
and (B) as the Secretary considers necessary to address
emergencies in which the safety of an aircraft or the
crew or passengers on an aircraft is threatened.
(D) Definitions.--In this paragraph, the terms
``foreign air carrier'' and ``foreign air
transportation'' have the meanings given those terms in
section 40102(a) of title 49, United States Code.
(d) Additional Consequences for Engaging in Prohibited Conduct.--A
foreign official enjoying diplomatic immunity in the United States who
aids, abets, or assists in the unlawful removal of any foreign national
from the United States or harbors any foreign national within the
United States for the purpose of avoiding criminal prosecution or
evading a law enforcement authority may be subject to one or more of
the following measures:
(1) Submission of a request for a waiver of immunity from
the United States to the sending country for the purposes of
pursuing criminal prosecution within the United States.
(2) A declaration that the official is persona non grata
and is expelled from the United States, without replacement of
that position.
(3) Revocation of any existing visa or other relevant entry
documentation, which may include denial of future visa
requests.
(4) Sanctions described under subsection (e).
(e) Imposition of Sanctions.--
(1) In general.--The President may exercise all of the
powers granted to the President under the International
Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.) to the
extent necessary to block and prohibit all transactions in
property and interests in property of a foreign official
described in subsection (d) if such property and interests in
property are in the United States, come within the United
States, or are or come within the possession or control of a
United States person.
(2) Inapplicability of national emergency requirement.--The
requirements under section 202 of the International Emergency
Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701) shall not apply for
purposes of paragraph (1).
(3) Exception relating to importation of goods.--
(A) In general.--The authority to block and
prohibit all transactions in all property and interests
in property under paragraph (1) shall not include the
authority to impose sanctions on the importation of
goods.
(B) Good.--In this paragraph, the term ``good''
means any article, natural or manmade substance,
material, supply or manufactured product, including
inspection and test equipment, and excluding technical
data.
(4) Implementation; penalties.--
(A) Implementation.--The President may exercise all
authorities provided to the President under sections
203 and 205 of the International Emergency Economic
Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1702 and 1704) for purposes of
carrying out the provisions of this subsection.
(B) Penalties.--The penalties provided for in
subsections (b) and (c) of section 206 of the
International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C.
1705) shall apply to a person that violates, attempts
to violate, conspires to violate, or causes a violation
of paragraph (1), or any regulation, license, or order
issued to carry out that paragraph, to the same extent
that such penalties apply to a person that commits an
unlawful act described in section 206(a) of that Act.
SEC. 302. REVIEW OF SAUDI FACILITY ACTIVITIES.
(a) Report Required.--Not later than 90 days after the date of the
enactment of this Act, the Secretary of State, in coordination with the
Attorney General, shall submit a report to the appropriate
congressional committees that provides a comprehensive review of the
activities of the Saudi facility located at 8500 Hilltop Road, Fairfax,
Virginia. The report shall include an assessment of the extent to which
the Saudi facility engages in surveillance activities of Saudi students
and other Saudi nationals in the United States.
(b) Form.--The report required under subsection (a) shall be
submitted in unclassified form, but may include a classified annex.
(c) Appropriate Congressional Committees Defined.--In this section,
the term ``appropriate congressional committees'' means--
(1) the Committee on Foreign Relations, the Committee on
the Judiciary, and the Select Committee on Intelligence of the
Senate; and
(2) the Committee on Foreign Affairs, the Committee on the
Judiciary, and the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence
of the House of Representatives.
TITLE IV--PEACEFUL RESOLUTION OF THE WAR IN YEMEN AND PROTECTION OF
CIVILIANS
SEC. 401. STATEMENT OF POLICY.
It is the policy of the United States--
(1) that responsibly ending the civil war in Yemen will
further United States national security interests, including by
increasing regional stability, ensuring the free flow of
commerce through the region, and preventing al Qaeda in the
Arabian Peninsula (AQAP) and the Islamic State from
capitalizing on Yemen's instability to threaten the United
States homeland;
(2) to support United Nations-led efforts to achieve a
cease-fire and a comprehensive political settlement that leads
to a territorially unified, stable, and independent Yemen;
(3) to insist on the urgent need for a political solution
consistent with United Nations Security Council Resolution 2216
(2015), or any successor United Nations Security Council
Resolution demanding an end to violence in Yemen and a peaceful
resolution of the conflict in that country;
(4) to generally oppose statements, policies, or actions
advocating for a military solution to the civil war in Yemen as
counterproductive to peace efforts;
(5) to encourage the Government of Saudi Arabia, the
Government of the United Arab Emirates, and the internationally
recognized Government of Yemen to develop and promote
confidence-building measures that create opportunities for
political dialogue to end the war in Yemen and address the
humanitarian crisis;
(6) in the interests of achieving a lasting peace in Yemen,
to encourage security partners of the United States enjoying
full diplomatic relations with the Government of Iran to use
their good offices to influence or pressure the Government of
Iran, as necessary, to end its support of the Houthi rebels;
and
(7) to support the implementation of the agreement reached
between the parties to the conflict at Stockholm, Sweden, on
December 13, 2018 (referred to in this title as the ``Stockholm
Agreement''), and the Hudaydah Agreement of December 18, 2018
(referred to in this title as the ``Hudaydah Agreement''), and
any successor agreements the parties may enter into, consistent
with--
(A) United Nations Security Council Resolution 2451
(2018);
(B) United Nations Security Council Resolution
2452, establishing the United Nations Mission to
support the Hudaydah Agreement (UNMHA) (2019); and
(C) any relevant successor resolutions the United
Nations Security Council may adopt.
SEC. 402. SENSE OF CONGRESS.
It is the sense of Congress that--
(1) continued direct negotiations between the Government of
Saudi Arabia, the Government of the United Arab Emirates, the
internationally recognized Government of Yemen, and
representatives of the Houthi movement are necessary--
(A) to reach a stable political solution;
(B) to implement the agreements reached between the
Saudi-led coalition, the internationally recognized
Government of Yemen, local Yemeni forces, and the
Houthis, including the Stockholm Agreement, the
Hudaydah Agreement, and any successor agreements the
parties may enter into;
(C) to address the suffering of the Yemeni people;
and
(D) to counter efforts by Iran, al Qaeda in the
Arabian Peninsula (AQAP), other al Qaeda adherents and
affiliates, and the Islamic State to exploit
instability for their own malign purposes;
(2) finding a peaceful solution to conflict in Yemen is
complicated by the actions and demands of other separatist
groups;
(3) the Government of Saudi Arabia, the Government of the
United Arab Emirates, and the Government of Iran should bear
financial responsibility for the economic stabilization and
eventual reconstruction of Yemen; and
(4) the United States and the international community must
continue to support the work of United Nations missions to
achieve a political solution to the civil war in Yemen.
SEC. 403. STRATEGY FOR ENDING THE WAR IN YEMEN.
(a) Strategy.--Not later than 90 days after the date of the
enactment of this Act, and every 180 days thereafter until a complete
cessation of hostilities in the Yemen civil war, the Secretary of
State, the Administrator of the United States Agency for International
Development, the Secretary of Defense, and the Director of National
Intelligence shall provide a briefing to the appropriate congressional
committees on progress toward ending the war in Yemen.
(b) Elements.--The briefing required under subsection (a) shall
include--
(1) a summary of the United States national security
interests threatened by continued civil war and instability in
Yemen;
(2) a description of the steps and reciprocal confidence-
building measures necessary to end the civil war in Yemen and
achieve a territorially unified, stable, and independent Yemen;
(3) a description of efforts to implement the Stockholm
Agreement, the Hudaydah Agreement, and successor agreements;
(4) a description of whether the Saudi-led coalition,
including the United Arab Emirates, the internationally
recognized Government of Yemen, the Houthis, and local Yemeni
forces, including forces aligned with Al-Islah and the Southern
Transition Council, are taking the necessary steps referred to
in paragraphs (2) and (3);
(5) a description of United States activities to encourage
all parties to take the necessary steps referred to in
paragraphs (2) and (3);
(6) an assessment of the threat posed by al Qaeda and ISIS
in Yemen to United States national security, including--
(A) a comprehensive list of all sources of support
received by these groups; and
(B) an assessment regarding whether the activities
of al Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula and ISIS in Yemen
have expanded or diminished since the beginning of the
war in Yemen;
(7) an assessment of the Government of Iran's activities in
Yemen, including--
(A) a comprehensive list of Iranian malign
activities in and around Yemen, including through the
use of proxies;
(B) a comprehensive summary of all recipients of
malign Iranian support in Yemen; and
(C) an assessment regarding whether the scope of
the Government of Iran's influence and activities in
Yemen have increased or decreased since the beginning
of the war in Yemen;
(8) a description of the Government of the Russian
Federation's activities in Yemen and an assessment of the
Government of the Russian Federation's objectives for such
activities; and
(9) any other matters relevant to ending the civil war in
Yemen, including efforts to alleviate tensions in the South.
(c) Form.--The briefing required in this section may be provided in
classified form, as necessary.
(d) Appropriate Congressional Committees Defined.--In this section,
the term ``appropriate congressional committees'' means--
(1) the Committee on Foreign Relations and the Committee on
Armed Services of the Senate; and
(2) the Committee on Foreign Affairs and the Committee on
Armed Services of the House of Representatives.
SEC. 404. MEASURES IN RESPONSE TO IRANIAN ACTIONS AGGRAVATING THE CIVIL
WAR IN YEMEN.
(a) Findings.--Congress makes the following findings:
(1) On November 10, 2014, the administration of President
Barack Obama designated the leadership of the Iranian-supported
Houthi insurgent group, and the ally of that group, the former
President of Yemen, Ali Abdullah Saleh, for the imposition of
sanctions under Executive Order 13611 (50 U.S.C. 1701 note;
relating to blocking property of persons threatening the peace,
security, or stability of Yemen).
(2) Iran's Revolutionary Guard Corps has transferred
increasingly sophisticated weapons systems to the Houthis, who
have in turn fired missiles into Saudi Arabia from positions in
northern Yemen, including a missile in November 2017 that
targeted Riyadh International Airport. In response, then-
Ambassador to the United Nations Nikki Haley called on ``the
United Nations and international partners to take necessary
action to hold the Iranian regime accountable for these
violations''.
(3) In addition to weapons, Iran is reportedly providing
proxies, including Hezbollah, to train Houthi units and act as
logistical advisers.
(4) The Iranian-supported Houthis have attacked coalition
or coalition-affiliated maritime targets multiple times, a
United States Navy ship twice, and other shipping, forcing the
United States to respond with a combination of diplomacy and
calibrated military strikes against three radar facilities in
Houthi-controlled territory.
(b) Statement of Policy.--It is the policy of the United States--
(1) to condemn the activities conducted by the Government
of Iran that--
(A) aggravate the civil war in Yemen; or
(B) undermine United Nations peace efforts in
Yemen; and
(2) to call on all responsible governments to take measures
to reduce conflict in Yemen, including by--
(A) interdicting weapons being transferred from
Iran to the Houthis; and
(B) imposing bilateral and multilateral sanctions
with respect to Iran for its violations of United
Nations Security Council Resolutions with respect to
Yemen.
(c) Determinations With Respect to Certain Iranian Persons
Responsible for Aggravating the Civil War in Yemen.--
(1) In general.--Not later than 180 days after the date of
the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of State, in
coordination with the Secretary of the Treasury, shall submit
to the appropriate congressional committees a report on the
actions taken by the Department of State and the Department of
the Treasury to carry out Executive Order 13611 that includes--
(A) a description of the activities carried out by
Iranian persons that are subject to sanctions under
that Executive order; and
(B) an identification of the persons with respect
to which sanctions have been imposed under that
Executive order for aggravating the civil war in Yemen.
(2) Form of report.--Each report submitted under paragraph
(1) shall be submitted in unclassified form but may include a
classified annex.
(d) Appropriate Congressional Committees Defined.--In this section,
the term ``appropriate congressional committees'' means--
(1) the Committee on Foreign Relations and the Committee on
Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs of the Senate; and
(2) the Committee on Foreign Affairs and the Committee on
Financial Services of the House of Representatives.
SEC. 405. REPORT ON ACCOUNTABILITY FOR VIOLATIONS OF INTERNATIONAL LAW,
INCLUDING WAR CRIMES, AND OTHER HARM TO CIVILIANS IN
YEMEN.
(a) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that--
(1) all participants in hostilities in Yemen should refrain
from engaging in generally proscribed practices involving
arbitrary arrests, enforced disappearances, torture, and other
unlawful treatment; and
(2) participants in hostilities in Yemen should fully
cooperate with the United Nations Panel of Experts on Yemen.
(b) Report.--Not later than 180 days after the date of the
enactment of this Act, the Secretary of State, in coordination with the
Secretary of Defense, shall submit a report to the appropriate
congressional committees that describes the causes and consequences of
civilian harm occurring in the armed conflict in Yemen, including war
crimes and gross violations of human rights, as a result of the actions
of all parties involved in hostilities in Yemen.
(c) Elements.--The report required under subsection (b) shall
include the following elements:
(1) A description of possible civilian harm occurring in
the context of the armed conflict in Yemen, including--
(A) mass casualty incidents; and
(B) damage to, and destruction of, civilian
infrastructure and services, including--
(i) hospitals and other medical facilities;
(ii) electrical grids;
(iii) water systems;
(iv) ports and port infrastructure; and
(v) other critical infrastructure.
(2) A description of possible violations of the law of
armed conflict committed during the war in Yemen by--
(A) all forces involved in the Saudi-led coalition
and all forces fighting on its behalf;
(B) members of the Houthi movement and all forces
fighting on its behalf;
(C) members of violent extremist organizations; and
(D) any other combatants in the conflict.
(3) As examples of possible violations referred to in
paragraph (2), a description of--
(A) alleged war crimes;
(B) specific instances of failure by the parties to
the conflict to exercise distinction, proportionality,
and precaution in the use of force in accordance with
the law of armed conflict;
(C) arbitrary denials of humanitarian access and
the resulting impact on the alleviation of human
suffering;
(D) detention-related abuses;
(E) the use of child soldiers; and
(F) other acts that may constitute violations of
the law of armed conflict.
(4) Recommendations for establishing accountability
mechanisms for the civilian harm, war crimes, other violations
of the law of armed conflict, and gross violations of human
rights perpetrated by parties to the conflict in Yemen,
including the potential for prosecuting individuals responsible
for perpetrating, organizing, directing, or ordering such
violations.
(d) Form.--The report required under subsection (b) shall be
submitted in unclassified form but may contain a classified annex.
(e) Appropriate Congressional Committees Defined.--In this section,
the term ``appropriate congressional committees'' means--
(1) the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate; and
(2) the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of
Representatives.
SEC. 406. IMPOSITION OF SANCTIONS WITH RESPECT TO PERSONS HINDERING
HUMANITARIAN ACCESS AND THREATENING THE PEACE OR
STABILITY OF YEMEN.
(a) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that the
President should continue to implement Executive Order 13611 (50 U.S.C.
1701 note; relating to blocking property of persons threatening the
peace, security, or stability of Yemen).
(b) Imposition of Sanctions.--Not later than 60 days after the date
of the enactment of this Act, the President shall impose the sanctions
described in subsection (c) with respect to any foreign person that the
President determines--
(1) knowingly blocks the transport or delivery of
significant humanitarian goods or services through Yemeni
ports, ports of entry, or other facilities used by actors
engaged in legitimate humanitarian relief activities in Yemen;
(2) otherwise intentionally and significantly hinders
humanitarian efforts of actors engaged in legitimate
humanitarian relief activities in Yemen, including through the
diversion of goods and services intended to provide relief to
civilians in Yemen;
(3) knowingly engages in significant acts with the intent
to undermine the United Nations-led political process to end
the conflict in Yemen; or
(4) knowingly materially assists, sponsors, or provides
significant financial, material, or technological support for,
or significant goods or services to or in support of, acts
described in paragraph (1), (2), or (3) or any person the
property and interests in property of which are blocked in
connection with such acts.
(c) Sanctions Described.--
(1) In general.--The sanctions described in this subsection
are the following:
(A) Asset blocking.--The President shall, pursuant
to the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50
U.S.C. 1701 et seq.), block and prohibit all
transactions in property and interests in property of a
person subject to subsection (b) if such property and
interests in property are in the United States, come
within the United States, or are or come within the
possession or control of a United States person.
(B) Aliens ineligible for visas, admission, or
parole.--
(i) Exclusion from the united states.--The
Secretary of State shall deny a visa to, and
the Secretary of Homeland Security shall
exclude from the United States, any alien
subject to subsection (b).
(ii) Current visas revoked.--
(I) In general.--The issuing
consular officer, the Secretary of
State, or the Secretary of Homeland
Security (or a designee of any such
officer or Secretary) shall revoke any
visa or other entry documentation
issued to an alien subject to
subsection (b), regardless of when the
visa or other documentation was issued.
(II) Effect of revocation.--A
revocation under subclause (I) shall
take effect immediately and shall
automatically cancel any other valid
visa or entry documentation that is in
the alien's possession.
(2) Inapplicability of national emergency requirement.--The
requirements under section 202 of the International Emergency
Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701) shall not apply for
purposes of paragraph (1)(A).
(d) Exceptions.--
(1) Humanitarian assistance.--Subsection (c)(1) shall not
apply to any act incidental or necessary to the provision of
humanitarian assistance.
(2) Exception relating to importation of goods.--
(A) In general.--The requirement to block and
prohibit all transactions in all property and interests
in property under subsection (c)(1)(A) shall not
include the authority to impose sanctions on the
importation of goods.
(B) Good.--In this paragraph, the term ``good''
means any article, natural or manmade substance,
material, supply or manufactured product, including
inspection and test equipment, and excluding technical
data.
(3) Compliance with international obligations.--Subsection
(c)(1)(B) shall not apply with respect to the admission of an
alien to the United States if such admission is necessary to
comply with United States obligations under the Agreement
between the United Nations and the United States of America
regarding the Headquarters of the United Nations, signed at
Lake Success June 26, 1947, and entered into force November 21,
1947, under the Convention on Consular Relations, done at
Vienna April 24, 1963, and entered into force March 19, 1967,
or under other international obligations.
(e) Implementation; Penalties.--
(1) Implementation.--The President may exercise all
authorities provided under sections 203 and 205 of the
International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1702 and
1704) to carry out this section.
(2) Penalties.--A person that violates, attempts to
violate, conspires to violate, or causes a violation of
subsection (c)(1)(A) or any regulation, license, or order
issued to carry out that subsection shall be subject to the
penalties set forth in subsections (b) and (c) of section 206
of the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C.
1705) to the same extent as a person that commits an unlawful
act described in subsection (a) of that section.
(f) Waiver.--
(1) In general.--The President may--
(A) waive the application of this section for a
period of not more than 180 days if the President
certifies to the appropriate congressional committees
that such a waiver is in the national security
interests of the United States; and
(B) may renew that waiver for additional periods of
not more than 180 days each.
(2) Briefing.--Not later than 30 days after issuing a
waiver under paragraph (1), and every 180 days thereafter while
the waiver remains in effect, the President shall brief the
appropriate congressional committees on the reasons for the
waiver.
(g) Termination.--This section and sanctions imposed under this
section shall terminate on the date on which the President submits to
the appropriate congressional committees a certification that all
parties are making good faith efforts to implement the Stockholm
Agreement, the Hudaydah Agreement, and any successor agreements, in an
effort to end the conflict.
(h) Appropriate Congressional Committees Defined.--In this section,
the term ``appropriate congressional committees'' means--
(1) the Committee on Foreign Relations and the Committee on
Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs of the Senate; and
(2) the Committee on Foreign Affairs and the Committee on
Financial Services of the House of Representatives.
SEC. 407. REPORT ON INTERDICTION OF ILLEGALLY SUPPLIED WEAPONS TO
YEMEN.
(a) In General.--Not later than 90 days after the date of the
enactment of this Act, the President shall submit to the appropriate
congressional committees a report--
(1) assessing the manner and extent to which the government
of any other country may be supplying weapons to Houthi rebels
in Yemen, in violation of the applicable United Nations
Security Council resolutions;
(2) describing the strategy and efforts of the United
States Government to interdict such illegally supplied weapons
to Yemen; and
(3) describing the strategy and efforts of countries on the
Arabian Peninsula to take reasonable measures to prohibit the
flow of illicit cargo by both land and sea routes into Yemen.
(b) Form.--The report required by subsection (a) shall be submitted
in unclassified form, but may include a classified annex.
(c) Definitions.--In this section:
(1) Appropriate congressional committees defined.--The term
``appropriate congressional committees'' means--
(A) the Committee on Foreign Relations and the
Select Committee on Intelligence of the Senate; and
(B) the Committee on Foreign Affairs and the
Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence of the House
of Representatives.
(2) Arabian peninsula.--The term ``Arabian peninsula''
means Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, the United
Arab Emirates, and Yemen.
SEC. 408. IMPOSITION OF SANCTIONS WITH RESPECT TO PERSONS SUPPORTING
THE HOUTHIS IN YEMEN.
(a) Determination.--Not later than 120 days after the date of the
enactment of this Act, the President shall determine if the Houthi
movement has engaged meaningfully in United Nations-led efforts for a
comprehensive political settlement that leads to a territorially
unified, stable, and independent Yemen.
(b) Sanctions.--If the President is unable to determine under
subsection (a) that the Houthi movement has engaged meaningfully with
the efforts described in that subsection, the President shall impose
the sanctions described in subsection (c) with respect to any foreign
person that the President determines--
(1) knowingly materially assists, sponsors, or provides
significant financial, material, or technological support for,
or goods or services to or in support of, the Houthi movement
in Yemen;
(2) knowingly engages in any significant activity that
materially contributes to the supply, sale, or direct or
indirect transfer to or from the Houthi movement in Yemen of
any lethal aid, including firearms or ammunition, battle tanks,
armored vehicles, artillery or mortar systems, aircraft, attack
helicopters, weaponized maritime vessels, missiles or missile
systems, explosives or explosive mines of any type (as such
terms are defined for the purpose of the United Nations
Register of Conventional Arms), ground-to-air missiles,
unmanned aerial vehicles, or related materiel, including spare
parts; or
(3) knowingly provides any significant technical training,
financial resources or services, advice, other significant
services or assistance related to the supply, sale, transfer,
manufacture, maintenance, or use of arms and related materiel
described in paragraph (2) to the Houthi movement in Yemen.
(c) Sanctions Described.--
(1) In general.--The sanctions described in this subsection
are the following:
(A) Asset blocking.--The President shall, pursuant
to the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50
U.S.C. 1701 et seq.), block and prohibit all
transactions in property and interests in property of a
person subject to subsection (b) if such property and
interests in property are in the United States, come
within the United States, or are or come within the
possession or control of a United States person.
(B) Aliens ineligible for visas, admission, or
parole.--
(i) Exclusion from the united states.--The
Secretary of State shall deny a visa to, and
the Secretary of Homeland Security shall
exclude from the United States, any alien
subject to subsection (b).
(ii) Current visas revoked.--
(I) In general.--The issuing
consular officer, the Secretary of
State, or the Secretary of Homeland
Security (or a designee of any such
officer or Secretary) shall revoke any
visa or other entry documentation
issued to an alien subject to
subsection (b), regardless of when the
visa or other documentation was issued.
(II) Effect of revocation.--A
revocation under subclause (I) shall
take effect immediately and shall
automatically cancel any other valid
visa or entry documentation that is in
the alien's possession.
(2) Inapplicability of national emergency requirement.--The
requirements under section 202 of the International Emergency
Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701) shall not apply for
purposes of paragraph (1)(A).
(d) Exceptions.--
(1) Humanitarian assistance.--Subsection (c)(1) shall not
apply to any act incidental or necessary to the provision of
humanitarian assistance.
(2) Exception relating to importation of goods.--
(A) In general.--The requirement to block and
prohibit all transactions in all property and interests
in property under subsection (c)(1)(A) shall not
include the authority to impose sanctions on the
importation of goods.
(B) Good.--In this paragraph, the term ``good''
means any article, natural or man-made substance,
material, supply or manufactured product, including
inspection and test equipment, and excluding technical
data.
(3) Compliance with international obligations.--Subsection
(c)(1)(B) shall not apply with respect to the admission of an
alien to the United States if such admission is necessary to
comply with United States obligations under the Agreement
between the United Nations and the United States of America
regarding the Headquarters of the United Nations, signed at
Lake Success June 26, 1947, and entered into force November 21,
1947, under the Convention on Consular Relations, done at
Vienna April 24, 1963, and entered into force March 19, 1967,
or under other international obligations.
(e) Implementation; Penalties.--
(1) Implementation.--The President may exercise all
authorities provided under sections 203 and 205 of the
International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1702 and
1704) to carry out this section.
(2) Penalties.--A person that violates, attempts to
violate, conspires to violate, or causes a violation of
subsection (c)(1)(A) or any regulation, license, or order
issued to carry out that subsection shall be subject to the
penalties set forth in subsections (b) and (c) of section 206
of the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C.
1705) to the same extent as a person that commits an unlawful
act described in subsection (a) of that section.
(f) Waiver.--
(1) In general.--The President may--
(A) waive the application of this section for a
period of not more than 180 days if the President
certifies to the appropriate congressional committees
that such a waiver is in the national security
interests of the United States; and
(B) may renew that waiver for additional periods of
not more than 180 days each.
(2) Briefing.--Not later than 30 days after issuing a
waiver under paragraph (1), and every 180 days thereafter while
the waiver remains in effect, the President shall brief the
appropriate congressional committees on the reasons for the
waiver.
(g) Termination.--This section and sanctions imposed under this
section shall terminate on the date on which the President submits to
the appropriate congressional committees a certification that the
Houthi movement is making good faith efforts to implement the Stockholm
Agreement, the Hudaydah Agreement, and any successor agreements, in an
effort to end the conflict.
(h) Appropriate Congressional Committees Defined.--In this section,
the term ``appropriate congressional committees'' means--
(1) the Committee on Foreign Relations and the Committee on
Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs of the Senate; and
(2) the Committee on Foreign Affairs and the Committee on
Financial Services of the House of Representatives.
SEC. 409. AUTHORITY TO ENTER INTO A COOPERATIVE AGREEMENT TO PROTECT
CIVILIANS IN SAUDI ARABIA AND THE UNITED ARAB EMIRATES
FROM WEAPONIZED UNMANNED AERIAL SYSTEMS.
(a) Findings.--Congress makes the following findings:
(1) In January 2019, Houthi fighters launched an attack on
a Saudi military parade, using an unmanned aerial systems
killing 7 people and marking one of many Houthi attacks using
unmanned aerial systems.
(2) United States military officials have publicly
confirmed that the Government of Iran is providing parts to the
Houthis to build unmanned aerial systems.
(b) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that--
(1) the partner countries of the United States in the
Arabian Peninsula face urgent and emerging threats from armed
unmanned aerial systems and other unmanned aerial vehicles
launched from Yemen by the Houthis;
(2) joint research and development to counter unmanned
aerial systems will serve the national security interests of
the United States and its partners in the Arabian Peninsula;
and
(3) the United States and partners in the Arabian Peninsula
should continue to work together to protect United States
citizens and personnel in the Middle East and civilians in the
Arabian Peninsula in the face of the threat from unmanned
aerial systems.
(c) Authority To Enter Into Agreement.--
(1) In general.--The President is authorized to enter into
a cooperative project agreement with countries in the Arabian
Peninsula under the authority of section 27 of the Arms Export
Control Act (22 U.S.C. 2767) to carry out research on and
development, testing, evaluation, and joint production
(including follow-on support) of defense articles and defense
services to detect, track, and destroy armed unmanned aerial
systems that threaten the United States and its partners in the
Arabian Peninsula.
(2) Applicable requirements.--The cooperative project
agreement described in paragraph (1)--
(A) shall provide that any activities carried out
pursuant to the agreement are subject to--
(i) the applicable requirements described
in subparagraphs (A), (B), and (C) of section
27(b)(2) of the Arms Export Control Act; and
(ii) any other applicable requirements of
the Arms Export Control Act with respect to the
use, transfer, and security of such defense
articles and defense services under that Act;
and
(B) shall establish a framework to negotiate the
rights to intellectual property developed under the
agreement.
(d) Arabian Peninsula Defined.--In this section, the term ``Arabian
Peninsula'' means Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, the
United Arab Emirates, and Yemen.
SEC. 410. EMERGENCY PROTECTION FOR YEMENI CULTURAL PROPERTY.
(a) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that an
agreement with the legitimate Government of Yemen, as recognized by the
United States, is necessary to achieve the following interests:
(1) Ensuring the protection and preservation of the
cultural heritage of the people of Yemen.
(2) Furthering the interests of all nations in the
historical preservation of unique items of Yemeni cultural
history.
(3) Ensuring appropriate actions will be taken to protect
Yemeni cultural sites from looting and to prevent trafficking
in stolen Yemeni archeological or ethnological material as
defined by section 302 of the Convention on Cultural Property
Implementation Act (19 U.S.C. 2601).
(4) Protecting the legitimate property rights of persons
lawfully owning or possessing Yemeni archeological or
ethnological material.
(b) Negotiation With the Government of Yemen To Establish and
Implement a Cultural Patrimony Agreement.--Not later than 30 days after
the date of the enactment of this Act, the President shall consult with
the legitimate Government of Yemen, as recognized by the United States,
for the purpose of entering into an agreement with Yemen as a State
Party to the Convention on the Means of Prohibiting and Preventing the
Illicit Import, Export and Transfer of Ownership of Cultural Property
of 1970 in accordance with section 303 of the Convention on Cultural
Property Implementation Act (19 U.S.C. 2206).
(c) Adjudication of Claims of Ownership of Cultural Property Seized
or Otherwise Detained by United States Officials Under the Authorities
Provided by This Section.--Claims of ownership or control of property
seized or otherwise detained by United States authorities pursuant to
this section shall be adjudicated under the provisions of the Civil
Assets Forfeiture Reform Act of 2000 (Public Law 106-185).
(d) Reporting Requirement.--
(1) Consultation with cultural property advisory
committee.--The Department of State shall consult with the
Cultural Property Advisory Committee established under section
306 of the Cultural Property Implementation Act (19 U.S.C.
2605) regarding any agreement on cultural patrimony with the
Government of Yemen as authorized by this Act.
(2) Report.--The Secretary of State shall submit to the
appropriate congressional committees the report of the Cultural
Property Advisory Committee prepared pursuant to section 306 of
the Convention on Cultural Property Implementation Act (19
U.S.C. 2605(f)), with redactions as necessary to protect any
proprietary information (including trade secrets and commercial
or financial information that is privileged or confidential)
submitted in confidence by the private sector to officers or
employees of the United States or to the Committee in
connection with the responsibilities of the Committee.
(3) Form.--The report required under paragraph (2) may be
provided in classified form, as necessary.
(e) Safe Harbor Waiver.--
(1) In general.--The President may waive import
restrictions established under the authorities of this section
if the President certifies to the appropriate congressional
committees that--
(A)(i) the owner or lawful custodian of the
specified archaeological or ethnological material of
Yemen has requested that such material be temporarily
located in the United States for protection purposes;
or
(ii) if no owner or lawful custodian can reasonably
be identified--
(I) the President determines that, for
purposes of protecting and preserving such
material, the material should be temporarily
located in the United States; and
(II) the material will be returned to the
owner or lawful custodian when such owner or
lawful custodian can be identified and has made
a request for the property to be returned; and
(B) there is no credible evidence that the return
of the property will contribute to illegal trafficking
in archaeological or ethnological material of Yemen or
financing of criminal or terrorist activities.
(2) Custody.--If the President grants a waiver under this
subsection, the specified archaeological or ethnological
material of Yemen that is the subject of such waiver shall be
placed in the temporary custody of the United States Government
or in the temporary custody of a cultural or educational
institution within the United States for the purpose of
protection, restoration, conservation, study, or exhibition,
without profit.
(3) Immunity from seizure.--Any archaeological or
ethnological material that enters the United States pursuant to
a waiver granted under this section shall have immunity from
seizure under Public Law 89-259 (22 U.S.C. 2459). All
provisions of Public Law 89-259 shall apply to such material as
if immunity from seizure had been granted under that law.
(f) Inapplicability of Sunset Provision.--Notwithstanding section
602, the authorities provided under this section shall continue beyond
the 5-year sunset specified in such section 602.
(g) Appropriate Congressional Committees Defined.--In this section,
the term ``appropriate congressional committees'' means--
(1) the Committee on Foreign Relations and the Committee on
Finance of the Senate; and
(2) the Committee on Foreign Affairs and the Committee on
Ways and Means of the House of Representatives.
SEC. 411. TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE TO IMPROVE GOVERNANCE AT THE CENTRAL
BANK OF YEMEN.
(a) In General.--The Secretary of the Treasury, in consultation
with the Secretary of State, may provide technical assistance to the
internationally recognized Government of Yemen for the purpose of
improving governance at the Central Bank of Yemen.
(b) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that--
(1) restoring the functionality of the Central Bank of
Yemen will help unlock donor commitments and mitigate the
effects of the humanitarian crisis in Yemen;
(2) restoring the governance capacity of the Central Bank
should be an important goal of any peace effort in Yemen; and
(3) in providing technical assistance pursuant to
subsection (a), the Secretary of the Treasury should take into
account the following near-term objectives:
(A) Enhancing the governance and organization of
the Central Bank, including revising the organizational
structure and decision-making processes of the Central
Bank and instituting best internal audit and risk
management practices.
(B) Improving market oversight and ending the
multiplicity of exchange rates that have the potential
to create distortions, including harmful arbitrage,
corruption, and rent-seeking.
(C) Improving the domestic payments system to build
trust in the Central Bank and to facilitate the
transfer of humanitarian assistance, public salaries,
and social assistance throughout Yemen.
(D) Strengthening banking supervision, including
the regulatory framework and bank supervisory process.
SEC. 412. MODIFICATION OF CERTIFICATIONS REGARDING ACTIONS BY SAUDI
ARABIA AND THE UNITED ARAB EMIRATES IN YEMEN.
Section 1290 of the John S. McCain National Defense Authorization
Act for Fiscal Year 2019 (Public Law 115-232) is amended--
(1) in subsection (d), by striking ``Not later than 180 and
360 days'' and inserting ``Not later than 720 and 900 days'';
(2) by redesignating subsections (g) and (h) as subsections
(h) and (i), respectively; and
(3) by inserting after subsection (f) the following new
subsection:
``(g) Submittal of Certification Required Notwithstanding
Cessation, Pause, or Cancellation of In-Flight Refueling.--
Notwithstanding a cessation, pause, or cancellation of authorized in-
flight refueling under section 2342 of title 10, United States Code, or
other applicable statutory authority, of Saudi or Saudi-led coalition
non-United States aircraft conducting missions in Yemen, the Secretary
of State shall submit the certifications required under subsections (c)
and (d).''.
TITLE V--GENERAL PROVISIONS
SEC. 501. RULE OF CONSTRUCTION WITH RESPECT TO INTERNATIONAL EMERGENCY
ECONOMIC POWERS ACT.
Nothing in this Act may be construed to limit the authority of the
President pursuant to the International Emergency Economic Powers Act
(50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.).
SEC. 502. RULE OF CONSTRUCTION WITH RESPECT TO USE OF MILITARY FORCE.
Nothing in this Act may be construed as an authorization for the
use of military force.
SEC. 503. SUNSET.
This Act shall cease to be effective on the date that is 5 years
after the date of the enactment of this Act.
<all>
Introduced in Senate
Read twice and referred to the Committee on Foreign Relations.
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