No official summary available for this bill.
[Congressional Bills 119th Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
[S. 2165 Introduced in Senate (IS)]
<DOC>
119th CONGRESS
1st Session
S. 2165
To amend chapter 44 of title 18, United States Code, to prohibit the
distribution of 3D printer plans for the printing of firearms, and for
other purposes.
_______________________________________________________________________
IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES
June 25 (legislative day, June 24), 2025
Mr. Markey (for himself, Mr. Schumer, Mr. Durbin, Mr. Padilla, Mr.
Kaine, Mr. Van Hollen, Mrs. Gillibrand, Mr. Whitehouse, Ms. Hirono, Ms.
Warren, Ms. Baldwin, Mr. Coons, Mr. Welch, Mr. Murphy, Mr. Blumenthal,
Mr. Reed, Mr. Sanders, Mr. Booker, Ms. Duckworth, Ms. Smith, Mr. Wyden,
and Ms. Klobuchar) introduced the following bill; which was read twice
and referred to the Committee on the Judiciary
_______________________________________________________________________
A BILL
To amend chapter 44 of title 18, United States Code, to prohibit the
distribution of 3D printer plans for the printing of firearms, and for
other purposes.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the
United States of America in Congress assembled,
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.
This Act may be cited as the ``3D Printed Gun Safety Act of 2025''.
SEC. 2. FINDINGS.
Congress finds the following:
(1) Three dimensional, or ``3D'', printing involves the
programming of a 3D printing machine with a computer file that
provides the schematics for the item to be printed.
(2) Recent technological developments have allowed for the
3D printing of firearms and firearm parts, including parts made
out of plastic, by unlicensed individuals in possession of
relatively inexpensive 3D printers.
(3) Because 3D printing allows individuals to make their
own firearms out of plastic, they may be able to evade
detection by metal detectors at security checkpoints,
increasing the risk that a firearm will be used to perpetrate
violence on an airplane or other area where people congregate.
(4) The availability of online schematics for the 3D
printing of firearms and firearm parts increases the risk that
dangerous people, including felons, domestic abusers, and other
people prohibited from possessing firearms under Federal law,
will obtain a firearm through 3D printing.
(5) On June 7, 2013, an assailant used a gun he had
constructed by himself to kill his father, brother, and 3 other
people at Santa Monica College in California. The person had
failed a background check when he tried to purchase a gun from
a licensed gun dealer. The gun he used was made from an
unfinished AR-15-style receiver, similar to a receiver that can
now be made with a 3D printer.
(6) Firearms tracing is a powerful investigative tool. When
law enforcement agencies recover firearms that have been used
in crimes, the agencies work with the Bureau of Alcohol,
Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives to trace these firearms to
their first retail purchaser. The agencies can use that
information to investigate and solve the crimes. In 2024, the
Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives processed
more than 639,295 trace requests.
(7) Firearms tracing depends on the ability to identify
firearms based on their serial number. Traditionally, when a
firearm is manufactured domestically or imported from abroad,
it is engraved with a serial number and markings that identify
the manufacturer or importer, make, model, and caliber, and are
unique to the firearm. Firearms made by unlicensed individuals
with 3D printers, however, do not contain genuine serial
numbers.
(8) Criminals seek firearms without serial numbers because
they cannot be traced. In July 2018, the Los Angeles Police
Department completed a 6-month-long investigation that resulted
in the seizure of 45 firearms, some of which had been assembled
without serial numbers in order to be untraceable. In 2023, the
Metropolitan Police Department in the District of Columbia
recovered 407 ghost guns. If the schematics for 3D printing
firearms and firearm parts are available online, people
intending to commit gun crimes may create similarly untraceable
firearms in order to avoid accountability for these crimes.
(9) Interstate gun trafficking, including the trafficking
of untraceable firearms, interferes with lawful commerce in
firearms and significantly contributes to gun crime. The Bureau
of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives discovered 46,037
guns from 2017 to 2021 that were trafficked interstate.
(10) The proliferation of 3D-printed firearms threatens to
undermine the entire Federal firearms regulatory scheme and to
endanger public safety and national security. By making illegal
the distribution of certain computer code that can be used
automatically to program 3D printers and create firearms--the
only means of combating this unique threat--Congress seeks not
to regulate the rights of computer programmers under the First
Amendment to the Constitution of the United States, but rather
to curb the pernicious effects of untraceable--and potentially
undetectable--firearms.
SEC. 3. PROHIBITION.
Section 922 of title 18, United States Code, is amended by adding
at the end the following:
``(aa) Distribution of Code for 3D Printed Firearms.--It shall be
unlawful for any person to intentionally distribute, over the internet
or by means of the World Wide Web, digital instructions in the form of
Computer Aided Design files or other code that can automatically
program a 3-dimensional printer or similar device to produce a firearm
or complete a firearm from an unfinished frame or receiver.''.
<all>
Introduced in Senate
Read twice and referred to the Committee on the Judiciary.
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