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[Congressional Bills 119th Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
[S. 3275 Introduced in Senate (IS)]
<DOC>
119th CONGRESS
1st Session
S. 3275
To reduce the risk to the national security of the United States posed
by humanoid robots produced in certain countries, and for other
purposes.
_______________________________________________________________________
IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES
November 20, 2025
Mr. Cassidy (for himself and Mr. Coons) introduced the following bill;
which was read twice and referred to the Committee on Banking, Housing,
and Urban Affairs
_______________________________________________________________________
A BILL
To reduce the risk to the national security of the United States posed
by humanoid robots produced in certain countries, and for other
purposes.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the
United States of America in Congress assembled,
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.
This Act may be cited as the ``Humanoid Robotics Oversight and
Blocking of Obtainment from Totalitarians Act of 2025'' or the
``Humanoid ROBOT Act of 2025''.
SEC. 2. DEFINITIONS.
In this Act:
(1) Artificial intelligence.--The term ``artificial
intelligence'' has the meaning given that term in section 5002
of the National Artificial Intelligence Initiative Act of 2020
(15 U.S.C. 9401).
(2) Country of concern.--The term ``country of concern''
has the meaning given the term ``covered nation'' in section
4872 of title 10, United States Code.
(3) Covered entity.--The term ``covered entity'' means--
(A) the government of a country of concern;
(B) a political party of a country of concern;
(C) a foreign entity of concern (as defined in
section 9901 of the William M. (Mac) Thornberry
National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021
(15 U.S.C. 4651));
(D) an entity identified by the Secretary of
Defense under section 1260H(a) of the William M. (Mac)
Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for
Fiscal Year 2021 (Public Law 116-283; 10 U.S.C. 113
note) as a Chinese military company operating directly
or indirectly in the United States;
(E) an entity with its headquarters located in,
organized under the laws of, or otherwise subject to
the jurisdiction of, a country of concern; or
(F) an entity owned or controlled by, or under
common ownership or control with, an entity described
in any of subparagraphs (A) through (E).
(4) Executive agency.--The term ``executive agency'' has
the meaning given that term in section 133 of title 41, United
States Code.
(5) Humanoid robot.--The term ``humanoid robot'' means an
autonomous or semi-autonomous machine that--
(A) uses integrated artificial intelligence
systems;
(B) possesses a body structure that simulates the
human form, including a head, torso, arms, and legs, or
any configuration that resembles a human silhouette;
(C) is capable of performing tasks associated with
human activities; and
(D) can communicate interactively, using natural
language processing to understand verbal or written
commands.
SEC. 3. PROHIBITIONS ON GOVERNMENT CONTRACTING RELATING TO HUMANOID
ROBOTS FROM COVERED ENTITIES.
(a) Prohibition on Purchases by Executive Agencies.--The head of an
executive agency may not enter into or renew a contract to procure or
otherwise obtain a humanoid robot designed, tested, developed, or
manufactured by a covered entity.
(b) Prohibition on Use by Contractors.--A person awarded a contract
by an executive agency may not use a humanoid robot designed, tested,
developed, or manufactured by a covered entity to fulfill, execute, or
otherwise support carrying out the contract.
(c) Waiver.--The Secretary of Defense may waive a prohibition under
subsection (a) or (b) with respect to the purchase or use of a humanoid
robot if using the robot is required for the completion of objectives
related to national security or for research purposes.
(d) Effective Date.--The prohibitions under subsections (a) and (b)
shall apply on and after the date that is180 days after the date of the
enactment of this Act.
(e) Regulations.--Not later than 180 days after the date of the
enactment of this Act, the Federal Acquisition Regulatory Council shall
amend the Federal Acquisition Regulation to implement the prohibitions
under subsections (a) and (b), including by establishing a requirement
for prime contractors to incorporate the substance of such prohibitions
and applicable implementing contract clauses into contracts relating to
humanoid robots.
SEC. 4. REVIEW BY COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN INVESTMENT IN THE UNITED STATES
OF INVESTMENTS IN PRODUCTION OF HUMANOID ROBOT
TECHNOLOGIES.
(a) In General.--Section 721(a)(4) of the Defense Production Act of
1950 (50 U.S.C. 4565(a)(4)) is amended--
(1) in subparagraph (A)--
(A) in clause (i), by striking ``; and'' and
inserting a semicolon;
(B) in clause (ii), by striking the period at the
end and inserting ``; and''; and
(C) by adding at the end the following:
``(iii) any transaction described in
subparagraph (B)(vi) proposed or pending on or
after the date of the enactment of the Humanoid
Robotics Oversight and Blocking of Obtainment
from Totalitarians Act of 2025.'';
(2) in subparagraph (B), by adding at the end the
following:
``(vi) Any other investment, subject to
regulations prescribed under subparagraph (D)--
``(I) in a United States business
that designs, tests, develops, or
manufactures humanoid robots (as
defined in section 2 of the Humanoid
Robotics Oversight and Blocking of
Obtainment from Totalitarians Act of
2025);
``(II) by--
``(aa) an entity organized
under the laws of, or otherwise
subject to the jurisdiction of,
a covered nation (as defined in
section 4872 of title 10,
United States Code); or
``(bb) an entity owned or
controlled by, or under common
ownership or control with, an
entity described in item (aa);
and
``(III) without regard to whether
the investment results in control of
the United States business by an entity
described in subclause (II).''; and
(3) in subparagraph (D)--
(A) in clause (i), in the matter preceding
subclause (I)--
(i) by striking ``subparagraph (B)(iii)''
and inserting ``clauses (iii) and (vi) of
subparagraph (B)''; and
(ii) by striking ``that subparagraph'' and
inserting ``that clause'';
(B) in clause (iii)(I), by striking ``subparagraph
(B)(iii)'' and inserting ``clauses (iii) and (vi) of
subparagraph (B)''; and
(C) in clause (iv)(I), in the matter preceding item
(aa)--
(i) by striking ``in subparagraph
(B)(iii)'' and inserting ``in clause (iii) or
(vi) of subparagraph (B)''; and
(ii) by striking ``of subparagraph
(B)(iii)'' and inserting ``of such clauses''.
(b) Mandatory Filing of Declarations.--Section
721(b)(1)(C)(v)(IV)(bb) of the Defense Production Act of 1950 (50
U.S.C. 4565(b)(1)(C)(v)(IV)(bb)) is amended by adding at the end the
following:
``(DD) Investments
in humanoid robots.--
The parties to a
covered transaction
described in subsection
(a)(4)(B)(vi) shall
submit a declaration
described in subclause
(I) with respect to the
transaction.''.
SEC. 5. REPORT ON NATIONAL SECURITY THREATS POSED BY HUMANOID ROBOTS.
(a) In General.--Not later than one year after the date of the
enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Defense shall submit to the
committees specified in subsection (c) a detailed report on the threats
to the national security of the United States posed by the development
and use of humanoid robots for both civilian and military purposes in
countries of concern.
(b) Elements.--The report required by subsection (a) shall include
the following:
(1) An analysis of--
(A) the economic infrastructure and manufacturing
ecosystem for humanoid robots in the People's Republic
of China and other countries of concern; and
(B) military-civil fusion efforts, and other
efforts, of the People's Liberation Army relating to
humanoid robots.
(2) An analysis of how the circumvention of United States
export controls and the theft of intellectual property or
proprietary information of United States persons has
contributed or could contribute to the development of humanoid
robots in countries of concern.
(3) Recommendations to improve such export controls.
(4) An analysis of the privacy and data security threats
relating to the use of data of United States persons obtained
through humanoid robots, including--
(A) how the data might be stored, including whether
the data is stored within the humanoid robot or on
cloud infrastructure; and
(B) how the data is accessed by the government of a
country of concern.
(5) An analysis of the threat that data obtained through
humanoid robots designed, tested, developed, or manufactured by
covered entities poses with respect to economic espionage.
(6) Recommendations for administrative and legislative
action to address national security risks posed to the United
States by humanoid robots designed, tested, developed, or
manufactured by covered entities.
(7) Any other information considered relevant by the
Secretary.
(c) Committees Specified.--The committees specified in this
subsection are--
(1) the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,
the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs, the
Committee on Armed Services of the Senate, and Select Committee
on Intelligence of the Senate; and
(2) the Committee on Energy and Commerce, the Committee on
Foreign Affairs, the Committee on Armed Services, and the
Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence of the House of
Representatives.
(d) Form.--The report required by subsection (a) shall be submitted
in unclassified form but may include a classified annex.
<all>
Introduced in Senate
Read twice and referred to the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs.
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