No official summary available for this bill.
[Congressional Bills 119th Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
[S. 3366 Introduced in Senate (IS)]
<DOC>
119th CONGRESS
1st Session
S. 3366
To protect law enforcement officers, and for other purposes.
_______________________________________________________________________
IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES
December 4, 2025
Mr. Cornyn (for himself, Mr. Banks, Mr. Barrasso, Mrs. Blackburn, Mr.
Boozman, Mrs. Britt, Mr. Budd, Mrs. Capito, Mr. Cramer, Mr. Crapo, Mr.
Cruz, Mr. Daines, Ms. Ernst, Mrs. Fischer, Mr. Graham, Mr. Grassley,
Mr. Hagerty, Mrs. Hyde-Smith, Mr. Justice, Mr. Kennedy, Mr. Lee, Ms.
Lummis, Mr. Marshall, Mr. McCormick, Mr. Mullin, Mr. Ricketts, Mr.
Risch, Mr. Rounds, Mr. Scott of Florida, Mr. Sheehy, Mr. Tuberville,
Mr. Young, Mr. Cassidy, Mr. Lankford, Mr. Scott of South Carolina, and
Mr. Tillis) introduced the following bill; which was read twice and
referred to the Committee on the Judiciary
_______________________________________________________________________
A BILL
To protect law enforcement officers, and for other purposes.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the
United States of America in Congress assembled,
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.
This Act may be cited as the ``Back the Blue Act of 2025''.
SEC. 2. PROTECTION OF LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICERS.
(a) Killing of Law Enforcement Officers.--
(1) Offense.--Chapter 51 of title 18, United States Code,
is amended by adding at the end the following:
``Sec. 1123. Killing of law enforcement officers
``(a) Definitions.--In this section--
``(1) the terms `Federal law enforcement officer' and
`United States judge' have the meanings given those terms in
section 115;
``(2) the term `federally funded public safety officer'
means a public safety officer or judicial officer for a public
agency that--
``(A) receives Federal financial assistance; and
``(B) is an agency of an entity that is a State of
the United States, the District of Columbia, the
Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, Guam,
American Samoa, the Commonwealth of the Northern
Mariana Islands, any other territory or possession of
the United States, or an Indian tribe, or a unit of
local government of such entity;
``(3) the term `firefighter' includes an individual serving
as an official recognized or designated member of a legally
organized volunteer fire department and an officially
recognized or designated public employee member of a rescue
squad or ambulance crew;
``(4) the term `judicial officer' means a judge or other
officer or employee of a court, including prosecutors, court
security, pretrial services officers, court reporters, and
corrections, probation, and parole officers;
``(5) the term `law enforcement officer' means an
individual authorized by law to engage in or supervise the
enforcement, prevention, detection, investigation, arrest,
apprehension, prosecution, or incarceration of any person for
any violation of criminal law;
``(6) the term `public agency' includes a court system, the
National Guard of a State to the extent the personnel of that
National Guard are not in Federal service, and the defense
forces of a State authorized by section 109 of title 32; and
``(7) the term `public safety officer' means an individual
serving a public agency in an official capacity, as a law
enforcement officer, as a firefighter, as a chaplain, or as a
member of a rescue squad or ambulance crew.
``(b) Offense.--It shall be unlawful for any person to--
``(1) kill, or attempt or conspire to kill--
``(A) a United States judge;
``(B) a Federal law enforcement officer; or
``(C) a federally funded public safety officer
while that officer is engaged in official duties, or on
account of the performance of official duties; or
``(2) kill a former United States judge, Federal law
enforcement officer, or federally funded public safety officer
on account of the past performance of official duties.
``(c) Penalty.--Any person that violates subsection (b) shall be
fined under this title and imprisoned for not less than 10 years or for
life, or, if death results, shall be sentenced to not less than 30
years and not more than life, or may be punished by death.''.
(2) Table of sections.--The table of sections for chapter
51 of title 18, United States Code, is amended by adding at the
end the following:
``1123. Killing of law enforcement officers.''.
(b) Assault of Law Enforcement Officers.--
(1) Offense.--Chapter 7 of title 18, United States Code, is
amended by adding at the end the following:
``SEC. 120. ASSAULTS OF LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICERS.
``(a) Definition.--In this section, the term `federally funded
State or local law enforcement officer' means an individual involved in
the enforcement, prevention, detection, investigation, arrest,
apprehension, prosecution, or incarceration of any person for any
violation of criminal law (including a police, corrections, probation,
or parole officer) who works for a public agency (that receives Federal
financial assistance) of a State of the United States or the District
of Columbia.
``(b) Offense.--It shall be unlawful to assault a federally funded
State or local law enforcement officer while engaged in or on account
of the performance of official duties, or assault any person who
formerly served as a federally funded State or local law enforcement
officer on account of the performance of such person's official duties
during such service, or because of the actual or perceived status of
the person as a federally funded State or local law enforcement
officer.
``(c) Penalty.--Any person who violates subsection (b) shall be
subject to a fine under this title and--
``(1) if the assault resulted in bodily injury (as defined
in section 1365), shall be imprisoned not less than 2 years and
not more than 10 years;
``(2) if the assault resulted in substantial bodily injury
(as defined in section 113), shall be imprisoned not less than
5 years and not more than 20 years;
``(3) if the assault resulted in serious bodily injury (as
defined in section 1365), shall be imprisoned for not less than
10 years;
``(4) if a deadly or dangerous weapon was used during and
in relation to the assault, shall be imprisoned for not less
than 20 years; and
``(5) shall be imprisoned for not more than 1 year in any
other case.
``(d) Certification Requirement.--
``(1) In general.--No prosecution of any offense described
in this section may be undertaken by the United States, except
under the certification in writing of the Attorney General, or
a designee, that--
``(A) the State does not have jurisdiction;
``(B) the State has requested that the Federal
Government assume jurisdiction; or
``(C) a prosecution by the United States is in the
public interest and necessary to secure substantial
justice, as determined by the Attorney General, based
on--
``(i) the verdict or sentence obtained
pursuant to State charges;
``(ii) the extent of planning and
premeditation involved in the offense;
``(iii) the intended outcome of the
conduct;
``(iv) the disregard for human life,
including collateral damage to unintended
victims, involved in the offense; and
``(v) the benefit to public safety from
Federal prosecution.
``(2) Rule of construction.--Nothing in this subsection
shall be construed to limit the authority of Federal officers,
or a Federal grand jury, to investigate possible violations of
this section.
``(e) Statute of Limitations.--
``(1) Offenses not resulting in death.--Except as provided
in paragraph (2), no person shall be prosecuted, tried, or
punished for any offense under this section unless the
indictment for such offense is found, or the information for
such offense is instituted, not later than 7 years after the
date on which the offense was committed.
``(2) Offenses resulting in death.--An indictment or
information alleging that an offense under this section
resulted in death may be found or instituted at any time
without limitation.''.
(2) Table of sections.--The table of sections for chapter 7
of title 18, United States Code, is amended by adding at the
end the following:
``120. Assaults of law enforcement officers.''.
(c) Flight To Avoid Prosecution for Killing Law Enforcement
Officials.--
(1) Offense.--Chapter 49 of title 18, United States Code,
is amended by adding at the end the following:
``Sec. 1075. Flight to avoid prosecution for killing law enforcement
officials
``(a) Offense.--It shall be unlawful for any person to move or
travel in interstate or foreign commerce with intent to avoid
prosecution, or custody or confinement after conviction, under the laws
of the place from which the person flees or under section 1114 or 1123,
for a crime consisting of the killing, an attempted killing, or a
conspiracy to kill a Federal judge or Federal law enforcement officer
(as those terms are defined in section 115), or a federally funded
public safety officer (as that term is defined in section 1123).
``(b) Penalty.--Any person that violates subsection (a) shall be
fined under this title and imprisoned for not less than 10 years, in
addition to any other term of imprisonment for any other offense
relating to the conduct described in subsection (a).''.
(2) Table of sections.--The table of sections for chapter
49 of title 18, United States Code, is amended by adding at the
end the following:
``1075. Flight to avoid prosecution for killing law enforcement
officials.''.
SEC. 3. SPECIFIC AGGRAVATING FACTOR FOR FEDERAL DEATH PENALTY KILLING
OF LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICER.
(a) Aggravating Factors for Homicide.--Section 3592(c) of title 18,
United States Code, is amended by inserting after paragraph (16) the
following:
``(17) Killing of a law enforcement officer, prosecutor,
judge, or first responder.--The defendant killed or attempted
to kill a person who is authorized by law--
``(A) to engage in or supervise the prevention,
detention, or investigation of any criminal violation
of law;
``(B) to arrest, prosecute, or adjudicate an
individual for any criminal violation of law; or
``(C) to be a firefighter or other first
responder.''.
SEC. 4. LIMITATION ON FEDERAL HABEAS RELIEF FOR MURDERS OF LAW
ENFORCEMENT OFFICERS.
(a) Justice for Law Enforcement Officers and Their Families.--
(1) In general.--Section 2254 of title 28, United States
Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:
``(j)(1) For an application for a writ of habeas corpus on behalf
of a person in custody pursuant to the judgment of a State court for a
crime that involved the killing of a public safety officer (as that
term is defined in section 1204 of title I of the Omnibus Crime Control
and Safe Streets Act of 1968 (34 U.S.C. 10284)) or judge, while the
public safety officer or judge was engaged in the performance of
official duties, or on account of the performance of official duties by
or status as a public safety officer or judge--
``(A) the application shall be subject to the time
limitations and other requirements under sections 2263, 2264,
and 2266; and
``(B) the court shall not consider claims relating to
sentencing that were adjudicated in a State court.
``(2) Sections 2251, 2262, and 2101 are the exclusive sources of
authority for Federal courts to stay a sentence of death entered by a
State court in a case described in paragraph (1).''.
(2) Rules.--Rule 11 of the Rules Governing Section 2254
Cases in the United States District Courts is amended by adding
at the end the following: ``Rule 60(b)(6) of the Federal Rules
of Civil Procedure shall not apply to a proceeding under these
rules in a case that is described in section 2254(j) of title
28, United States Code.''.
(3) Finality of determination.--Section 2244(b)(3)(E) of
title 28, United States Code, is amended by striking ``the
subject of a petition'' and all that follows and inserting:
``reheard in the court of appeals or reviewed by writ of
certiorari.''.
(4) Effective date and applicability.--
(A) In general.--This paragraph and the amendments
made by this paragraph shall apply to any case pending
on or after the date of enactment of this Act.
(B) Time limits.--In a case pending on the date of
enactment of this Act, if the amendments made by this
paragraph impose a time limit for taking certain
action, the period of which began before the date of
enactment of this Act, the period of such time limit
shall begin on the date of enactment of this Act.
(C) Exception.--The amendments made by this
paragraph shall not bar consideration under section
2266(b)(3)(B) of title 28, United States Code, of an
amendment to an application for a writ of habeas corpus
that is pending on the date of enactment of this Act,
if the amendment to the petition was adjudicated by the
court prior to the date of enactment of this Act.
SEC. 5. LIMITATION ON RECOVERY OF CERTAIN DAMAGES FOR INDIVIDUALS
ENGAGED IN FELONIES OR CRIMES OF VIOLENCE.
(a) In General.--Section 1979 of the Revised Statutes (42 U.S.C.
1983) is amended by striking ``except that in any action'' and all that
follows through ``For purposes'' and inserting the following: ``except
that--
``(1) in any action brought against a judicial officer for
an act or omission taken in the judicial capacity of that
officer, injunctive relief shall not be granted unless a
declaratory decree was violated or declaratory relief was
unavailable; and
``(2) in any action seeking redress for any deprivation
that was incurred in the course of, or as a result of, or is
related to, conduct by the injured party that, more likely than
not, constituted a felony or a crime of violence (as that term
is defined in section 16 of title 18, United States Code)
(including any deprivation in the course of arrest or
apprehension for, or the investigation, prosecution, or
adjudication of, such an offense), a court may not award
damages other than for necessary out-of-pocket expenditures and
other monetary loss.
For purposes''.
(b) Attorney's Fees.--Section 722(b) of the Revised Statutes (42
U.S.C. 1988(b)) is amended by striking ``except that in any action''
and all that follows and inserting the following: ``except that--
``(1) in any action brought against a judicial officer for
an act or omission taken in the judicial capacity of that
officer, such officer shall not be held liable for any costs,
including attorneys fees, unless such action was clearly in
excess of the jurisdiction of that officer; and
``(2) in any action seeking redress for any deprivation
that was incurred in the course of, or as a result of, or is
related to, conduct by the injured party that, more likely than
not, constituted a felony or a crime of violence (as that term
is defined in section 16 of title 18, United States Code)
(including any deprivation in the course of arrest or
apprehension for, or the investigation, prosecution, or
adjudication of, such an offense), the court may not allow such
party to recover attorney's fees.''.
SEC. 6. SELF-DEFENSE RIGHTS FOR LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICERS.
(a) In General.--Chapter 203 of title 18, United States Code, is
amended by inserting after section 3053 the following:
``Sec. 3054. Authority of law enforcement officers to carry firearms
``Any sworn officer, agent, or employee of the United States, a
State, or a political subdivision thereof, who is authorized by law to
engage in or supervise the prevention, detection, investigation, or
prosecution of any violation of law, or to supervise or secure the
safety of incarcerated inmates, may carry firearms if authorized by law
to do so. Such authority to carry firearms, with respect to the lawful
performance of the official duties of a sworn officer, agent, or
employee of a State or a political subdivision thereof, shall include
possession incident to depositing a firearm within a secure firearms
storage area for use by all persons who are authorized to carry a
firearm within any building or structure classified as a Federal
facility or Federal court facility, as those terms are defined under
section 930, and any grounds appurtenant to such a facility.''.
(b) Carrying of Concealed Firearms by Qualified Law Enforcement
Officers.--Section 926B(e)(2) of title 18, United States Code, is
amended by inserting ``any magazine and'' after ``includes''.
(c) Carrying of Concealed Firearms by Qualified Retired Law
Enforcement Officers.--Section 926C(e)(1)(B) of title 18, United States
Code, is amended by inserting ``any magazine and'' after ``includes''.
(d) School Zones.--Section 922(q)(2)(B)(vi) title 18, United States
Code, is amended by inserting ``, a qualified law enforcement officer
(as defined in section 926B), or a qualified retired law enforcement
officer (as defined in section 926C)'' before the semicolon.
(e) Regulations Required.--Not later than 60 days after the date of
enactment of this Act, the Attorney General shall promulgate
regulations allowing persons described in section 3054 of title 18,
United States Code, to possess firearms in a manner described by that
section. With respect to Federal justices, judges, bankruptcy judges,
and magistrate judges, such regulations shall be prescribed after
consultation with the Judicial Conference of the United States.
(f) Table of Sections.--The table of sections for chapter 203 of
title 18, United States Code, is amended by inserting after the item
relating to section 3053 the following:
``3054. Authority of law enforcement officers to carry firearms.''.
(g) Further Amendments.--Section 930 of title 18, United States
Code, is amended--
(1) in subsection (d)--
(A) in paragraph (2), by striking ``or'' at the
end;
(B) in paragraph (3), by striking the period at the
end and inserting ``; or''; and
(C) by adding at the end the following:
``(4) the possession of a firearm or ammunition in a
Facility Security Level I or II civilian public access facility
by a qualified law enforcement officer (as defined in section
926B(c)) or a qualified retired law enforcement officer (as
defined in section 926C(c)).''; and
(2) in subsection (g), by adding at the end the following:
``(4) The term `Facility Security Level' means a security
risk assessment level assigned to a Federal facility by the
security agency of the facility in accordance with the
biannually issued Interagency Security Committee Standard.
``(5) The term `civilian public access facility' means a
facility open to the general public.''.
<all>
Introduced in Senate
Read twice and referred to the Committee on the Judiciary.
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