No official summary available for this bill.
[Congressional Bills 119th Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
[S. 3597 Introduced in Senate (IS)]
<DOC>
119th CONGRESS
2d Session
S. 3597
To reauthorize the National Quantum Initiative Act, and for other
purposes.
_______________________________________________________________________
IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES
January 8 (legislative day, January 7), 2026
Mr. Young (for himself, Ms. Cantwell, Mr. Daines, Mr. Durbin, Mrs.
Blackburn, Mr. Lujan, Mr. Budd, Ms. Baldwin, Mr. Rounds, and Mr.
Schumer) introduced the following bill; which was read twice and
referred to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation
_______________________________________________________________________
A BILL
To reauthorize the National Quantum Initiative Act, and for other
purposes.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the
United States of America in Congress assembled,
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF CONTENTS.
(a) Short Title.--This Act may be cited as the ``National Quantum
Initiative Reauthorization Act of 2026''.
(b) Table of Contents.--The table of contents for this Act is as
follows:
Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents.
Sec. 2. Definitions.
Sec. 3. Purposes.
Sec. 4. National Quantum Initiative Program.
Sec. 5. National Quantum Coordination Office.
Sec. 6. Subcommittee on Quantum Information Science.
Sec. 7. National Quantum Initiative Advisory Committee.
Sec. 8. Subcommittee on the Economic and Security Implications of
Quantum Information Science.
Sec. 9. International Quantum Cooperation Strategy.
Sec. 10. Prize challenges.
Sec. 11. Sunset of National Quantum Initiative.
Sec. 12. National Institute of Standards and Technology activities and
quantum consortium.
Sec. 13. National Institute of Standards and Technology Quantum
Centers.
Sec. 14. National Science Foundation quantum information science
research and education activities.
Sec. 15. Multidisciplinary centers for quantum research and education.
Sec. 16. Quantum Reskilling, Education, and Workforce (QREW)
Coordination Hub, quantum testbeds, and
research security.
Sec. 17. National Science Foundation cryptography research.
Sec. 18. National Aeronautics and Space Administration quantum
activities.
Sec. 19. Comptroller General review and report.
Sec. 20. Review of regulatory barriers to quantum information science
and technology development.
Sec. 21. Sunset of National Nanotechnology Program.
Sec. 22. Clerical amendments.
SEC. 2. DEFINITIONS.
Section 2 of the National Quantum Initiative Act (15 U.S.C. 8801)
is amended--
(1) by redesignating paragraphs (4), (5), (6), (7), the
first paragraph (8) (relating to the definition of the
``Subcommittee on Economic and Security Implications''), and
the second paragraph (8) (relating to the definition of the
``Subcommittee on Quantum Information Science'') as paragraphs
(7), (9), (12), (13), (17), and (18), respectively;
(2) by inserting after paragraph (3) the following:
``(4) Federal laboratory.--The term `Federal laboratory'
has the meaning given such term in section 4 of the Stevenson-
Wydler Technology Innovation Act of 1980 (15 U.S.C. 3703).
``(5) Foreign country of concern.--The term `foreign
country of concern' means--
``(A) a country that is a covered nation (as such
term is defined in section 4872(d) of title 10, United
States Code); and
``(B) any country that the Secretary of Commerce,
in consultation with the Secretary of Defense, the
Secretary of State, and the Director of National
Intelligence, determines to be engaged in conduct that
is detrimental to the national security or foreign
policy of the United States.
``(6) Foreign entity of concern.--The term `foreign entity
of concern' means a foreign entity that is--
``(A) designated as a foreign terrorist
organization by the Secretary of State under section
219(a) of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C.
1189(a));
``(B) included on the list of specially designated
nationals and blocked persons maintained by the Office
of Foreign Assets Control of the Department of the
Treasury (commonly known as the `SDN list');
``(C) owned by, controlled by, or subject to the
jurisdiction or direction of a government of a foreign
country that is a covered nation (as such term is
defined in section 4872 of title 10, United States
Code);
``(D) alleged by the Attorney General to have been
involved in activities for which a conviction was
obtained under--
``(i) chapter 37 of title 18, United States
Code (commonly known as the `Espionage Act');
``(ii) section 951 or 1030 of title 18,
United States Code;
``(iii) chapter 90 of title 18, United
States Code (commonly known as the `Economic
Espionage Act of 1996');
``(iv) the Arms Export Control Act (22
U.S.C. 2751 et seq.);
``(v) section 224, 225, 226, 227, or 236 of
the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 (42 U.S.C. 2274,
2275, 2276, 2277, and 2284);
``(vi) the Export Control Reform Act of
2018 (50 U.S.C. 4801 et seq.); or
``(vii) the International Emergency
Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.);
or
``(E) determined by the Secretary of Commerce, in
consultation with the Secretary of Defense and the
Director of National Intelligence, to be engaged in
unauthorized conduct that is detrimental to the
national security or foreign policy of the United
States.'';
(3) in paragraph (7), as so redesignated, by striking
``(a)'' each place it appears;
(4) by inserting after paragraph (7), as so redesignated,
the following new paragraph:
``(8) National laboratory.--The term `National Laboratory'
has the meaning given such term in section 2 of the Energy
Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 15801).'';
(5) by inserting after paragraph (9), as so redesignated,
the following:
``(10) Quantum applications.--The term `quantum
applications' means uses of quantum information science,
engineering, and technology, including quantum algorithms and
software, quantum computing and quantum-classical hybrids,
quantum sensing, quantum networking, quantum encryption,
quantum simulation, or quantum communications applications.
``(11) Quantum computing.--The term `quantum computing'
means any of a variety of quantum computing technologies,
including quantum annealing and quantum gate-model systems that
utilize a variety of architectures, such as superconductors,
ion traps, photonics, neutral atoms, atomic spin, electron
spin, or topological qubits.'';
(6) by amending paragraph (12), as so redesignated, to read
as follows:
``(12) Quantum information science, engineering, and
technology.--The term `quantum information science,
engineering, and technology' means the understanding,
translation, use, or application of the laws of quantum physics
for the storage, transmission, manipulation, computing,
simulation, or measurement of information.''; and
(7) by inserting after paragraph (13), as so redesignated,
the following:
``(14) Quantum networking.--The term `quantum networking'
means the transmission of quantum information and the
distribution and use of entanglement across nodes to enable new
information technology applications and fundamental science.
``(15) Quantum sensing.--The term `quantum sensing'--
``(A) means the use of quantum mechanics to enhance
or enable new sensors; and
``(B) can include uses of superposition and
entanglement, nonclassical states, and advances in
accuracy and precision enabled by quantum control.
``(16) STEM.--The term `STEM' means the academic and
professional disciplines of science, technology, engineering,
and mathematics, including computer science.
``(17) Supply chain shock.--The term `supply chain shock'--
``(A) means an event causing severe or serious
disruption to normal operations or capacity in a supply
chain; and
``(B) includes--
``(i) a natural disaster;
``(ii) a pandemic;
``(iii) a biological threat;
``(iv) a cyber attack;
``(v) a geopolitical conflict;
``(vi) a terrorist or geopolitical attack;
``(vii) a trade disruption caused by--
``(I) a foreign country of concern;
or
``(II) an entity or an individual
subject to the jurisdiction of such a
country; and
``(viii) an event for which the President
declares a major disaster or an emergency under
section 401 or 501, respectively, of the Robert
T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency
Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5170; 42 U.S.C.
5191).''.
SEC. 3. PURPOSES.
Section 3 of the National Quantum Initiative Act (15 U.S.C. 8802)
is amended--
(1) in paragraph (1)--
(A) by amending subparagraph (A) to read as
follows:
``(A) to expand the number of researchers,
educators, and students with training in quantum
information science, engineering, and technology to
develop a domestic workforce pipeline and retain
international talent to the extent consistent with
national security and international competitiveness;'';
(B) in subparagraph (B), by striking ``science at
the'' and inserting ``science, engineering, and
technology at the primary, secondary,'';
(C) in subparagraph (D)--
(i) by striking ``science and technology''
and inserting ``science, engineering, and
technology''; and
(ii) by striking ``and'' after the
semicolon; and
(D) by adding at the end the following:
``(F) to facilitate development of quantum
applications, including quantum-hybrid applications, to
promote innovation; and
``(G) to support advancements in emerging
technologies that could benefit from or benefit the
development of quantum technology and promote research,
development, demonstration, and application of such
emerging technologies in quantum information science,
engineering, and technology and scientific
discovery.'';
(2) in paragraph (2), by striking ``science and
technology'' and inserting ``science, engineering, and
technology'';
(3) in paragraph (3), by striking ``science and
technology'' and inserting ``science, engineering, and
technology'';
(4) in paragraph (4)--
(A) by inserting ``National Laboratories,'' after
``Federal laboratories,''; and
(B) by striking ``and'' after the semicolon;
(5) in paragraph (5)--
(A) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A)--
(i) by inserting ``partnerships, research
collaborations, and'' after ``international'';
and
(ii) by striking ``science and technology
security'' and inserting ``science,
engineering, and technology'';
(B) in subparagraph (A), by striking ``and'' after
the semicolon;
(C) in subparagraph (B), by striking the period at
the end and inserting a semicolon; and
(D) by adding at the end the following:
``(C) to facilitate cooperation in the advancement
of quantum capabilities among the United States and its
strategic allies and partners to strengthen and secure
the quantum-relevant supply chain and related
ecosystem; and
``(D) to coordinate on potential export or
strategic trade controls where appropriate; and''; and
(6) by adding at the end the following:
``(6) improving the maturity and scale of the quantum
industry.''.
SEC. 4. NATIONAL QUANTUM INITIATIVE PROGRAM.
Subsection (b) of section 101 of the National Quantum Initiative
Act (15 U.S.C. 8811) is amended--
(1) in paragraph (1)--
(A) by striking ``development'' and inserting
``research development, and near-, medium-, and long-
term demonstration''; and
(B) by striking ``information science and
technology'';
(2) in paragraph (2)--
(A) by striking ``science and technology'' and
inserting ``science, engineering, and technology''; and
(B) by inserting ``infrastructure,'' after
``demonstration,'';
(3) in paragraph (3)--
(A) by inserting ``and retain'' after ``to
develop''; and
(B) by striking ``science and technology'' and
inserting ``science, engineering, and technology'';
(4) by amending paragraph (4) to read as follows:
``(4) provide for interagency planning and coordination of
Federal quantum information science, engineering, and
technology research, development, demonstration, standards
engagement, and other activities under the Program, including
activities authorized pursuant to section 234 of the John S.
McCain National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2019
(Public Law 115-232; 10 U.S.C. 4001 note), quantum educational
activities and programs authorized pursuant to section 10661 of
the Research and Development, Competition, and Innovation Act
(42 U.S.C. 19261), and activities conducted at any Federal
laboratory or National Laboratory;''; and
(5) in paragraph (5)--
(A) by striking ``industry and universities'' and
inserting ``industry, universities, small businesses,
and strategic allies and partners''; and
(B) by inserting ``, including human resources''
after ``resources''.
SEC. 5. NATIONAL QUANTUM COORDINATION OFFICE.
Section 102 of the National Quantum Initiative Act (15 U.S.C. 8812)
is amended--
(1) in subsection (a)(2)--
(A) in subparagraph (A), by inserting ``who shall
be'' before ``appointed''; and
(B) by amending subparagraph (B) to read as
follows:
``(B) staff comprised of employees detailed from
the Federal departments and agencies specified in
section 103(b).''; and
(2) in subsection (b)--
(A) in paragraph (3), by striking ``science and
technology'' and inserting ``science, engineering, and
technology research, development, workforce, and
international'';
(B) by amending paragraph (4) to read as follows:
``(4) ensure coordination among the collaborative ventures
or consortia established under this Act, including under
section 201(a), the Multidisciplinary Centers for Quantum
Research and Education established under section 302(a), and
the National Quantum Information Science Research Centers
established under section 402(a), and the Quantum Economic
Development Consortium;'';
(C) in paragraph (6), by striking ``; and'' and
inserting a semicolon;
(D) in paragraph (7)--
(i) by inserting ``nonprofit research
organizations,'' after ``universities,''; and
(ii) by striking the period at the end and
inserting a semicolon; and
(E) by adding after paragraph (7), the following:
``(8) promote understanding and adoption of viable quantum
capabilities that strengthen the United States economy, as may
be appropriate;
``(9) track, monitor, and promote policies that will ensure
the stability of the United States quantum workforce, quantum
supply chain, domestic quantum industry, and international
trade; and
``(10) ensure coordination and avoid unnecessary
duplication of existing quantum-related activities, other
activities carried out under this Act, and other related
programs, as appropriate.''.
SEC. 6. SUBCOMMITTEE ON QUANTUM INFORMATION SCIENCE.
Section 103 of the National Quantum Initiative Act (15 U.S.C. 8813)
is amended--
(1) in subsection (b)--
(A) in paragraph (8), by striking ``and'' after the
semicolon;
(B) by redesignating paragraph (9) as paragraph
(12); and
(C) by inserting after paragraph (8) the following
new paragraphs:
``(9) the Department of Health and Human Services;
``(10) the Department of State;
``(11) the Department of Homeland Security; and'';
(2) in subsection (d)--
(A) in paragraph (1), by striking ``the quantum
information science and technology research'' and
inserting ``quantum information science, engineering,
and technology research and quantum application
development, and demonstration'';
(B) in paragraph (4)--
(i) by inserting ``, engineering, and
technology'' after ``science''; and
(ii) by inserting ``skillset'' before
``diversity'';
(C) in paragraph (5)--
(i) by inserting ``, engineering, and
technology'' after ``science''; and
(ii) by inserting ``and conduct comparative
benchmarking of Federal investments and
research strategies relative to those of
strategic allies and partners of the United
States and other countries,'' after
``development efforts'';
(D) in paragraph (6)--
(i) by striking ``science and technology''
and inserting ``science, engineering, and
technology''; and
(ii) by striking ``and'' after the
semicolon;
(E) in paragraph (7)--
(i) by inserting ``, engineering and
technology'' after ``science''; and
(ii) by striking the period and inserting
``; and''; and
(F) by adding at the end the following new
paragraph:
``(8) facilitate interagency partnership opportunities to
advance quantum applications related to advanced manufacturing,
biotechnology, chemistry, space, and other sectors.'';
(3) in subsection (g)(2)--
(A) in paragraph (A), by inserting ``numbers''
after ``budget'';
(B) in paragraph (B), by inserting ``numbers''
after ``budget''; and
(C) by adding at the end the following new
paragraphs:
``(D) Metrics for measuring the impact of the
Program for the current fiscal year, for each Federal
department and agency described in subsection (b).
``(E) Value proposition as a result of each
interagency partnership opportunity.'';
(4) in subsection (h)(2)(A), by inserting ``, including a
description of agency roles and responsibilities'' before the
period; and
(5) by adding at the end the following new subsection:
``(i) Quantum Use Cases.--
``(1) In general.--The Subcommittee shall identify
potential use cases for quantum technologies that could advance
the missions of Federal departments and agencies participating
in the Program.
``(2) Quantum on-ramp.--For each potential use case
identified pursuant to paragraph (1) for a Federal department
or agency, the head of the Federal department or agency may, in
consultation with the Subcommittee, develop a plan to enable
such department or agency to address the potential use case.
``(3) Comparison to artificial intelligence technologies.--
For any potential use case identified under paragraph (1) for a
Federal department or agency, the head of the department or
agency may, in consultation with the Subcommittee, consider the
quantum use case's interplay with artificial intelligence and
compare its anticipated costs, functionality, and benefits.
``(4) Reporting.--The Subcommittee, as part of the annual
report on the budget for the Program under subsection (g),
shall report progress in carrying out the activities under this
subsection, including information relating to the following:
``(A) The potential use cases identified pursuant
to paragraph (1).
``(B) The status of plans developed pursuant to
paragraph (2).
``(C) Any obstacles to addressing such potential
use cases, including lack of funding.''.
SEC. 7. NATIONAL QUANTUM INITIATIVE ADVISORY COMMITTEE.
Section 104 of the National Quantum Initiative Act (15 U.S.C. 8814)
is amended--
(1) by amending subsection (b) to read as follows:
``(b) Qualifications.--The Advisory Committee shall consist of
members, appointed by the President, who--
``(1) are--
``(A) representative of industry;
``(B) small- and medium-sized businesses; and
``(C) universities and Federal laboratories that
are qualified to provide advice and information on
quantum information science, engineering, and
technology research, development, demonstrations,
standards, STEM education and workforce, technology
transfer, economic and national security, or research
security.
``(2) may hold doctoral degrees in physical sciences,
mathematics, computer science, or engineering, or related
fields.'';
(2) in subsection (d)(2)--
(A) in subparagraph (A), by striking ``science and
technology'' and inserting ``science, engineering, and
technology'';
(B) by redesignating subparagraphs (D), (E), (F),
and (G) as subparagraphs (F), (G), (H), and (I),
respectively;
(C) by inserting after subparagraph (C) the
following new subparagraphs:
``(D) other countries' quantum programs and the
progress of such countries and their programs, based on
publicly available data, including metrics such as
published government funding commitments, research
publications, patent filings, academic and industry
partnerships, and announced strategic initiatives and
milestones, in comparison to the progress of the
Program;
``(E) the competitiveness and capabilities of the
United States in quantum technologies, with respect to
quantum computing, sensing, and networking;'';
(D) in subparagraph (F), as so redesignated--
(i) by striking ``to'' and inserting
``promote innovation, foster a robust United
States quantum industry, and''; and
(ii) by striking ``science and technology''
and inserting ``science, engineering, and
technology'';
(E) in subparagraph (G), as so redesignated, by
inserting ``, including to address any gaps that may
exist in basic research, capabilities, workforce,
supply chain, or coordination among participating
Federal agencies'' before the semicolon;
(F) in subparagraph (H), as so redesignated, by
striking ``open standards for, quantum information
science and technology; and'' and inserting
``international standards in open and transparent
standardization systems for quantum information
science, engineering, and technology;'';
(G) in subparagraph (I), as so redesignated, by
striking ``societal''; and
(H) by adding at the end the following new
subparagraphs:
``(J) the domestic and international cooperation
needs and goals of the Program, including those related
to infrastructure and the supply chain of quantum
information science, engineering, and technology; and
``(K) the degree to which quantum information
science, engineering, and technology--
``(i) is enhancing or can enhance--
``(I) the capabilities of the
United States advanced industrial
economy; and
``(II) Federal, State, and local
government capabilities and services;
and
``(ii) can protect or optimize critical
infrastructure (as such term is defined in
section 1016(e) of Public Law 107-56 (42 U.S.C.
5195c(e))).'';
(3) in subsection (e)--
(A) by inserting ``through December 31, 2030''
after ``thereafter''; and
(B) by adding at the end the following new
sentence: ``In the first such report required after the
date of the enactment of the National Quantum
Initiative Reauthorization Act of 2026, the Advisory
Committee shall assess the benefits and opportunities
to strengthen quantum communications corridors in which
Federal laboratories, institutions of higher education,
and other entities conducting quantum information
science, engineering, and technology research are
connected via quantum communication networks capable of
securely transmitting information.'';
(4) by redesignating subsections (e) through (g) as
subsections (f) through (h), respectively; and
(5) by inserting after subsection (d) the following:
``(e) Performance and Usefulness Assessment of National Quantum
Initiative Program.--
``(1) Annual evaluation required.--Not less frequently than
once each year, the Advisory Committee shall, in coordination
with the Subcommittee on Quantum Information Science, conduct
an evaluation of the effectiveness, progress, and usefulness of
activities carried out under the Program.
``(2) Elements.--Each evaluation under paragraph (1) shall
assess--
``(A) which Federal programs or activities within
the Program have made measurable progress toward
program goals;
``(B) which Federal programs within the Program
have produced tangible scientific, workforce, or
commercial outcomes;
``(C) which programs or activities within the
Program have overlapping missions or duplicative
structures;
``(D) resource utilization and return on investment
of each major component of the Program; and
``(E) barriers to performance or implementation of
the Program, including structural or administrative
challenges.
``(3) Report to congress.--Not later than March 1 of each
year, the Advisory Committee shall submit to the Committee on
Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate and the
Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the House of
Representatives a report summarizing the findings of the
Advisory Committee with respect to the evaluation most recently
conducted under paragraph (1), including specific
recommendations for--
``(A) improvements to the Program;
``(B) consolidation or termination of programs or
activities within the Program; and
``(C) realignment of funding to high-impact areas
within the Program.
``(4) Public summary.--The Advisory Committee shall make a
public-facing summary of each report submitted under paragraph
(3) available on the website of the Advisory Committee to
promote transparency and accountability.''.
SEC. 8. SUBCOMMITTEE ON THE ECONOMIC AND SECURITY IMPLICATIONS OF
QUANTUM INFORMATION SCIENCE.
Section 105 of the National Quantum Initiative Act (15 U.S.C.
8814a) is amended--
(1) in subsection (b)--
(A) in paragraph (10), by striking ``and'' after
the semicolon;
(B) by redesignating paragraph (11) as paragraph
(15); and
(C) by inserting after paragraph (10) the following
new paragraphs:
``(11) the Department of State;
``(12) the National Aeronautics and Space Administration;
and''; and
(2) in subsection (c)--
(A) in paragraph (1), by striking ``information
science'' and inserting ``information science,
engineering, and technology'';
(B) in paragraph (2), by inserting ``or to supply
chains'' before the semicolon;
(C) in paragraph (3), by inserting ``or supply
chains'' before the semicolon;
(D) in paragraph (5)--
(i) by inserting ``and engineering'' after
``quantum information science''; and
(ii) by inserting ``any'' before ``export
controls'';
(E) in paragraph (6), by striking ``information
science'' and inserting ``information science,
engineering, and technology'';
(F) in paragraph (7), by striking ``and'' after the
semicolon;
(G) in paragraph (8)--
(i) by striking ``information science'' and
inserting ``information science, engineering,
and technology''; and
(ii) by striking the period and inserting a
semicolon; and
(H) by adding at the end the following:
``(9) in coordination with the Subcommittee on Quantum
Information Science, identify opportunities to increase
coordination between civilian, military, and intelligence
quantum research entities, reduce unnecessary duplicative
quantum research activities, and facilitate collaboration
between quantum research agencies with specialized capabilities
or expertise in one or more aspects of quantum information
science, engineering, and technology; and
``(10) recommend strategies for attracting and retaining
students and scholars with expertise in quantum related fields
to Federal departments and agencies.''.
SEC. 9. INTERNATIONAL QUANTUM COOPERATION STRATEGY.
The National Quantum Initiative Act (15 U.S.C. 8801 et seq.) is
amended by inserting after section 105 the following new section:
``SEC. 105A. INTERNATIONAL QUANTUM COOPERATION STRATEGY.
``(a) Strategy Required.--Not later than one year after the date of
the enactment of this section, the Director of the Office of Science
and Technology Policy shall, in consultation with the Secretary of
Commerce, the Secretary of State, the Secretary of Energy, the Director
of the National Science Foundation, the Director of the National
Institute of Standards and Technology, and the Administrator of the
National Aeronautics and Space Administration, and the heads of other
Federal agencies, as appropriate, develop and submit to the Committee
on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, the Committee on Energy and
Natural Resources, and the Committee on Foreign Relations of the
Senate, and the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology and the
Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives a
strategy--
``(1) to establish collaborative international partnerships
to advance research and development, testing and evaluation,
and interoperability in quantum information science,
engineering, and technology with allies and partners of the
United States, and other countries, when in the security,
strategic, technological, and scientific interests of the
United States;
``(2) to establish collaborative international
partnerships, including co-funded international programs, to
advance research and development, testing and evaluation, and
interoperability in quantum information science, engineering,
and technology with allies and partners of the United States,
and other countries, when in the security, strategic,
technological, and scientific interests of the United States;
``(3) to ensure continued United States participation in
bilateral and multilateral efforts to advance quantum
information science, engineering, and technology on the
international stage;
``(4) to promote the integrity and impartiality of
international standards organizations and processes related to
quantum information science, engineering, and technology; and
``(5) to ensure ethical application of quantum information
science, engineering, and technology to protect civil liberties
and basic human rights.
``(b) Designation.--The strategy under this subsection shall be
known as the `International Quantum Cooperation Strategy' (in this
section referred to as the `Strategy').
``(c) Elements.--In the development of the Strategy, the Director
of the Office of Science and Technology Policy, the National Quantum
Coordination Office, the Subcommittee on Quantum Information Science,
the Subcommittee on Economic and Security Implications, and the
relevant agencies shall consider including the following:
``(1) The establishment of international partnerships to
advance research and development in quantum information
science, engineering, and technology.
``(2) Key strategic allies and partners of the United
States that have demonstrated unique capabilities in one or
more areas of quantum information science, engineering, and
technology.
``(3) Efforts and plans to address risks to the national
security and economic interests of the United States during
development and deployment of quantum technologies worldwide,
including plans for diplomatic engagement with allies and
partners, and other countries.
``(4) Efforts and plans to promote global development and
deployment of quantum technologies, including through
international engagement and leadership in the development of
international standards that are aligned with United States
national interests.
``(5) Efforts and plans to develop, attract, and retain
international talent.
``(6) The ability and risks of domestic manufacturers and
suppliers and those of allies and partners of the United States
to meet the needs of the global quantum supply chain, including
raw materials such as Helium-3, plans for engagement with
allies and partners, manufacturers, and suppliers, and options
to mitigate gaps and vulnerabilities in the global quantum
supply chain.
``(7) A plan to safeguard research and technology supported
through international cooperation, as appropriate, in whole or
in part, including in quantum technologies critical to national
security, from malign influence, theft, or exfiltration by
foreign entities of concern.
``(8) As necessary, a description of such legislative or
administrative action needed to carry out the Strategy.
``(d) Briefing.--Not later than 30 days after the date on which the
Strategy is completed, the Director shall brief the committees
specified in subsection (a) on the Strategy.''.
SEC. 10. PRIZE CHALLENGES.
The National Quantum Initiative Act (15 U.S.C. 8801 et seq.) is
amended--
(1) by redesignating section 106 as section 107; and
(2) by inserting after section 105A, as added by section 9,
the following:
``SEC. 106. NATIONAL QUANTUM PRIZE CHALLENGES.
``(a) In General.--Subject to the availability of appropriations,
any head of a Federal agency with a representative serving on the
Subcommittee on Quantum Information Science established under section
103, may, individually or in cooperation with one or more heads of
Federal agencies--
``(1) conduct a prize competition under section 24 of the
Stevenson-Wydler Technology Innovation Act of 1980 (15 U.S.C.
3719), or such other prize competition authority as may be
available to the head of an agency, to dramatically accelerate
the development of applications and algorithms in quantum
information science, engineering, and technology; and
``(2) define a measurable set of performance goals for
participants in the prize competitions to demonstrate their
solutions on a level playing field while making a significant
advancement over the current state of the art.
``(b) Purpose.--Any prize competition carried out under subsection
(a) shall be for the purpose of stimulating innovation to advance the
ability of the United States to achieve high-priority breakthroughs for
applications in quantum information science, engineering, and
technology, such as in quantum computing, quantum sensing, quantum
communications, quantum networking, quantum algorithms, and quantum
cryptography.
``(c) Coordination With Subcommittees.--Each prize competition
conducted under subsection (a) may be conducted in coordination with
members of the Subcommittee on Quantum Information Science and the
Subcommittee on the Economic and Security Implications of Quantum
Information Science.
``(d) Recommendations.--To assist in the administration of this
section, the Subcommittee on Quantum Information Science may provide
recommendations on key challenges in quantum information science,
engineering, and technology that would be well-suited for a prize
competition under subsection (a). The recommendations shall include a
scope for efforts carried out under such subsection.''.
SEC. 11. SUNSET OF NATIONAL QUANTUM INITIATIVE.
Subsection (a) of section 107 of the National Quantum Initiative
Act (15 U.S.C. 8815), as redesignated by section 10, is amended to read
as follows:
``(a) In General.--Except as provided in subsection (b), the
authority to carry out sections 101, 102, 103, 104, and 105 shall
terminate on December 30, 2034.''.
SEC. 12. NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY ACTIVITIES AND
QUANTUM CONSORTIUM.
Section 201 of the National Quantum Initiative Act (15 U.S.C. 8831)
is amended--
(1) in subsection (a)--
(A) in paragraph (1), by striking ``science and
technology'' and inserting ``science, engineering, and
technology'';
(B) in paragraph (2)--
(i) by inserting ``attract, educate, and''
before ``train''; and
(ii) by striking ``science and technology''
and inserting ``science, engineering, and
technology'';
(C) by amending paragraph (3) to read as follows:
``(3) shall carry out research to facilitate the
development and standardization, as appropriate, of quantum
cryptography, post-quantum cryptography (as such term is
defined in section 3 of the Quantum Computing Cybersecurity
Preparedness Act (6 U.S.C. 1526 note; Public Law 117-260)), and
practices to replace cryptographic keys or algorithms with
minimal disruption to current applications and systems;'';
(D) by amending paragraph (4) to read as follows:
``(4) shall carry out research, development, and
demonstration projects, as appropriate, to facilitate the
development of quantum applications, including research on
quantum supply chain enabling technologies, such as lasers,
cryogenics, and other supporting technologies;'';
(E) by redesignating paragraphs (5), (6), and (7)
as paragraphs (8), (9), and (11), respectively;
(F) by inserting the following after paragraph (4)
the following:
``(5) shall carry out, in coordination with the Director of
the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, research to
support the measurement of comparative performance and progress
of quantum technologies;
``(6) shall promote United States participation in
international standards organizations related to quantum
information science, engineering, and technology;
``(7) shall establish or expand partnerships with the
public sector and private sector--
``(A) to accelerate the development of domestic
quantum supply chain and supply chain-supporting
technologies;
``(B) to reduce quantum supply chain
vulnerabilities; and
``(C) to avoid offshoring to, or dependence on,
countries of concern for critical components of
capabilities in the quantum supply chain;'';
(G) in paragraph (8), as so redesignated, by
striking ``infrastructure'' and inserting ``,
communications, sensing, and computing'';
(H) in paragraph (9), as so redesignated--
(i) by inserting ``nonprofit research
organizations,'' after ``universities,''; and
(ii) by striking ``and engineering; and''
and inserting ``, engineering, and technology
and expanding the domestic STEM workforce;'';
and
(I) by inserting after paragraph (9), as so
redesignated, the following:
``(10) shall establish such infrastructure as is necessary
to carry out title II; and'';
(2) in subsection (b)--
(A) in paragraph (1)--
(i) by striking ``future'' and inserting
``research''; and
(ii) by striking ``science and technology''
and inserting ``science, engineering, and
technology'';
(B) in paragraph (2)--
(i) by amending subparagraph (A) to read as
follows:
``(A) to gather and assess information on the
quantum industry to address the needs identified in
paragraph (1);''; and
(ii) by striking subparagraphs (B) and (C)
and inserting the following new subparagraphs:
``(B) to provide recommendations regarding how the
National Institute of Standards and Technology, the
Program, and other Federal agencies, as appropriate,
can address the gaps in the research necessary to meet
the needs identified in paragraph (1) and accelerate
real-world uses of quantum information science,
engineering, and technology;
``(C) to identify enabling technologies and the
relevant supply chain essential to foster research and
industrial competitiveness in quantum information
science, engineering, and technology, and communicate
findings to Federal agencies and other domestic and
international stakeholders; and
``(D) to assess and identify key areas for
establishing, expanding, or developing international
partnerships that will meet the needs identified in
paragraph (1).'';
(C) in paragraph (3)--
(i) by striking ``Not later than 2 years
after the date of enactment of this Act, the''
and inserting ``The''; and
(ii) by inserting ``periodically, but not
less frequently than once every five years,''
after ``shall''; and
(D) by adding at the end the following new
paragraph:
``(4) Sense of congress on coordination.--It is the sense
of Congress that, as may be appropriate, Federal agencies that
are involved in the transition or translation of research
results to practical quantum applications or that have a
mission that could benefit from the development of quantum
technologies, should engage with the consortium to inform and
accelerate progress in such areas.''; and
(3) by striking subsection (c) and inserting the following
new subsections:
``(c) Quantum Supply Chains.--
``(1) Mapping and planning.--The Secretary of Commerce
shall carry out the following activities:
``(A) Assess, map, and model supply chains for
quantum networking, quantum computing, quantum
communications, quantum simulation, and quantum sensing
technologies and applications.
``(B) Identify current and future high-priority
gaps and vulnerabilities in quantum supply chains, such
as--
``(i) single points of failure, sole
source, consolidated manufacturing, or where
there are limited United States and partner
national suppliers; and
``(ii) critical components, elements,
materials, equipment, and infrastructure.
``(C) Identify potential supply chain shocks to the
quantum supply chain that may disrupt, strain, or
eliminate the supply chain.
``(2) Study on critical quantum supply chains.--Not later
than 2 years after the date of the enactment of the National
Quantum Initiative Reauthorization Act of 2026, the Secretary
of Commerce and the Secretary of Energy shall jointly--
``(A) complete a study documenting the critical
quantum supply chains and identified high-priority gaps
and vulnerabilities; and
``(B) submit to the appropriate committees of
Congress a report on the findings with respect to the
study completed pursuant to subparagraph (A).
``(3) Recommendations for avoiding shocks to quantum supply
chains.--Not later than 2 years after the date of the enactment
of the National Quantum Initiative Reauthorization Act of 2026,
the Secretary of Commerce shall, in coordination with the
Secretary of Energy, the Director of the National Science
Foundation, the Secretary of Defense, the Administrator of the
National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the
Administrator of the Small Business Administration, and the
heads of such other Federal agencies as the Secretary of
Commerce considers relevant, develop and submit to the
appropriate committees of Congress specific recommendations for
legislative or administrative action to mitigate harm to
quantum supply chains.
``(4) Plan to strengthen and secure quantum supply
chains.--Not later than 3 years after the date of the enactment
of the National Quantum Initiative Reauthorization Act of 2026,
the Secretary of Commerce shall submit to the appropriate
committees of Congress a plan identifying legislative or
administrative opportunities to strengthen supply chains and
build capacity.
``(d) International Quantum Research and Metrology.--
``(1) In general.--The Director of the National Institute
of Standards and Technology shall, in coordination with the
Secretary of State and the Director of the National Science
Foundation, promote, establish, and support international
quantum information science, engineering, and technology
research, metrology research, and standardization, as
appropriate, to enhance international cooperation, meet United
States commitments, and support United States engagement in
international voluntary standards for quantum information
science, engineering, and technology.
``(2) Alignment.--In carrying out this section, the
Director of the National Institute of Standards and Technology
shall ensure alignment with the National Quantum Information
Science Strategy and the U.S. Government National Standards
Strategy for Critical and Emerging Technology, or successor
strategies.
``(3) Prohibitions.--
``(A) Confucius institute.--None of the funds made
available under this subsection may be obligated or
expended to an institution of higher education that
maintains a contract or agreement between such
institution and a Confucius Institute (as defined in
section 10339A of the Research and Development,
Competition, and Innovation Act (42 U.S.C. 19039)) or
any successor of a Confucius Institute.
``(B) Foreign countries or entities of concern.--
None of the funds made available under this subsection
may be obligated or expended to promote, establish, or
finance quantum research activities between a United
States entity and a foreign country of concern or
foreign entity of concern, including the entity's
subsidiaries, except such restriction shall not apply
to participation by award recipients in consensus-based
international standardization activities.
``(e) Post-Quantum Cryptography Deployment.--
``(1) Definition of post-quantum cryptography.--In this
subsection, the term `post-quantum cryptography' has the
meaning given such term in section 3 of the Quantum Computing
Cybersecurity Preparedness Act (Public Law 117-260; 6 U.S.C.
1526 note).
``(2) In general.--The Director of the National Institute
of Standards and Technology shall, in consultation with the
Secretary of Homeland Security, the heads of Sector Risk
Management Agencies (as such term is defined in section 2200 of
the Homeland Security Act of 2002 (6 U.S.C. 650)), and private
sector entities, as the Director considers appropriate, promote
the voluntary development, adoption, and deployment of
voluntary standards relating to post-quantum cryptography,
including by--
``(A) disseminating and making publicly available
guidelines and resources to help organizations adopt
and deploy standards relating to post-quantum
cryptography and minimize disruptions to current
applications and systems caused by cryptographic
updates;
``(B) providing technical assistance, as
practicable, to entities that are at high risk of
quantum cryptoanalytic attacks, such as entities
determined to be critical infrastructure (as such term
is defined in section 1016(e) of Public Law 107-56 (42
U.S.C. 5195c(e))) or digital infrastructure providers;
and
``(C) conducting such other activities as
determined necessary by the Director to promote the
development, adoption, and deployment across the United
States of standards relating to post-quantum
cryptography.
``(3) Grant program.--
``(A) In general.--Subject to the availability of
appropriations and after the date on which the Director
of the National Institute of Standards and Technology
has issued voluntary standards relating to post-quantum
cryptography, the Director may establish a program to
identify and provide technical assistance through the
award of grants to entities that are at high risk of
quantum cryptoanalytic attacks, including by granting
funds for the adoption of such standards and the
remediation of quantum-related vulnerabilities.
``(B) Use of funds.--Grants awarded to entities
under this paragraph may be used to cover reasonable
costs, up to a specified amount established by the
Director of the National Institute of Standards and
Technology, for activities to adopt standards relating
to post-quantum cryptography and remediate quantum-
related vulnerabilities.
``(C) Guidance.--The Director of the National
Institute of Standards and Technology may develop, and
periodically update, guidance, including relating to
eligibility, application disclosure requirements, grant
amount and duration, and any additional requirements
regarding the award of grants under this paragraph.
``(D) Consultation.--If the program described in
this paragraph is established, the Director of the
National Institute of Standards and Technology shall
consult with the Director of the Cybersecurity and
Infrastructure Security Agency of the Department of
Homeland Security, the heads of other Sector Risk
Management Agencies, and appropriate representatives of
private sector entities, including nonprofit
organizations, to share information regarding the grant
program under this paragraph and guidance developed and
updated under subparagraph (C).
``(f) Funding.--
``(1) Authorization of appropriations.--There is authorized
to be appropriated to the Director of the National Institute of
Standards and Technology to carry out this section $85,000,000
for each of fiscal years 2026 through 2030.
``(2) Derivation of funds.--Amounts made available pursuant
to paragraph (1) for each of fiscal years 2026 and 2027 shall
be derived from amounts authorized to be appropriated for the
National Institute of Standards and Technology pursuant to
section 10211 of the Research and Development, Competition, and
Innovation Act (Public Law 117-167) for scientific and
technical research and services laboratory activities.''.
SEC. 13. NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY QUANTUM
CENTERS.
Title II of the National Quantum Initiative Act is amended by
adding at the end the following new sections:
``SEC. 202. NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY QUANTUM
CENTERS.
``(a) Establishment.--
``(1) In general.--Subject to the availability of
appropriations, the Director of the National Institute of
Standards and Technology shall, in consultation with such heads
of other Federal departments and agencies as the Director
considers appropriate, carry out a program to establish and
operate at least 1, but not more than 3, centers to accelerate
research, development, deployment, and standardization of
quantum information science, engineering, and technology.
``(2) Program details.--
``(A) Competitive, merit-reviewed process.--The
centers established and operated under paragraph (1)
shall be established through a competitive, merit-
reviewed process.
``(B) Applications.--An eligible applicant
described in subparagraph (C) seeking to establish and
operate a center described in paragraph (1) shall
submit to the Director of the National Institute of
Standards and Technology an application therefor at
such time, in such manner, and containing such
information as the Director determines to be
appropriate.
``(C) Eligible applicants.--Eligible applicants
described in this subparagraph are the following:
``(i) Institutions of higher education.
``(ii) Nonprofit organizations.
``(iii) Multi-institution collaborations,
including multiple types of research
institutions, private sector entities, Federal
laboratories, and nonprofit organizations, or
consortia thereof.
``(iv) Any other entity the Director
determines appropriate.
``(3) Selection of applications and prioritized topics.--
The Director of the National Institute of Standards and
Technology shall solicit proposals and prioritize the following
topics in the initial selection of applications submitted under
paragraph (2)(B), subject to merit-review:
``(A) Quantum sensing and measurement technologies.
``(B) Advancing the manufacturing and scale-up of
quantum systems and quantum-enabling technologies.
``(C) Address technology barriers to quantum
networking and communications.
``(4) Grants.--
``(A) In general.--The Director shall carry out the
program required by paragraph (1) through the award of
grants to eligible applicants seeking to establish and
operate centers under the program.
``(B) Duration of grant awards.--Subject to the
availability of appropriations, the duration of a grant
awarded under subparagraph (A) shall be a period of 5
years.
``(C) Renewal.--Subject to the availability of
appropriations, each grant awarded under subparagraph
(A) may be renewed for successive periods of 5 years
following a successful merit-based review by the
Director.
``(D) Termination.--Consistent with the authorities
of the Institute, the Director may terminate a grant
awarded under subparagraph (A) for an underperforming
center for cause during the performance period of the
grant.
``(b) Requirements.--To the maximum extent practicable, centers
established and operated under this section shall serve the mission of
the National Institute of Standards and Technology, for the benefit of
the broader United States quantum information science community, to
develop processes for the following purposes:
``(1) Advancing research and standardization in quantum
information science, engineering, and technology.
``(2) Advancing technology development.
``(3) Improving the competitiveness of the United States.
``(c) Coordination.--The Director of the National Institute of
Standards and Technology shall ensure coordination, and avoid
unnecessary duplication of, the activities carried out under this
section with existing activities of the Institute, other activities
carried out under this Act, and other related programs, as appropriate.
``(d) Operation of Centers.--
``(1) Commercial technology.--Each center established under
this section may leverage commercially available hardware and
software to carry out the activities described in subsection
(a), provided that such hardware and software is not
manufactured in a country of concern or by a foreign country of
concern.
``(2) Renewal.--Each center established under this section
may be renewed for successive periods of 5 years following a
successful merit-based review by the Director.
``(3) Termination.--Consistent with the authorities of the
National Institute of Standards and Technology, the Director of
the National Institute of Standards and Technology may
terminate an underperforming center for cause during the
performance period.
``(e) Funding.--The Director of the National Institute of Standards
and Technology shall allocate up to $18,000,000 for each center
established under this section for each of fiscal years 2026 through
2030, subject to the availability of appropriations. Such amounts shall
be derived from amounts appropriated pursuant to section 10211 of the
Research and Development Competition and Innovation Act (Public Law
117-167).
``(f) Briefing Requirements.--Not later than 1 year after the date
of the enactment of the National Quantum Initiative Reauthorization Act
of 2026, and not less frequently than once each year thereafter, the
Director of the National Institute of Standards and Technology shall
provide the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the
Senate and the Committee on Space, Science, and Technology of the House
of Representatives a briefing on current and planned activities under
this section.
``SEC. 203. RESEARCH SECURITY.
``The activities authorized under this title shall be carried out
in a manner consistent with subtitle D of title VI of the Research and
Development, Competition, and Innovation Act (42 U.S.C. 19231 et seq.)
and section 6432 of the Servicemember Quality of Life Improvement and
National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2025 (Public Law
118-159; 42 U.S.C. 7144b note).''.
SEC. 14. NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION QUANTUM INFORMATION SCIENCE
RESEARCH AND EDUCATION ACTIVITIES.
Section 301 of the National Quantum Initiative Act (15 U.S.C. 8841)
is amended--
(1) in the section heading, by inserting ``, engineering,
and technology'' after ``science'';
(2) in subsection (a), by striking ``science and
engineering'' and inserting ``science, engineering, and
technology'';
(3) in subsection (b)--
(A) in paragraph (1)--
(i) in subparagraph (A), by striking
``science and engineering'' and inserting
``science, engineering, and technology''; and
(ii) in subparagraph (B)--
(I) by striking ``human resources''
and inserting ``education and
workforce''; and
(II) by striking ``science and
engineering'' and inserting ``science,
engineering, and technology''; and
(B) in paragraph (2)--
(i) in subparagraph (A)--
(I) in clause (i)--
(aa) by striking ``science
and engineering'' and inserting
``science, engineering, and
technology''; and
(bb) by striking ``and''
after the semicolon;
(II) in clause (ii), by inserting
``and'' after the semicolon; and
(III) by adding at the end the
following:
``(iii) to pursue research at the frontiers
of quantum information science, engineering,
and technology, and explore solutions to
important challenges for the development and
application of quantum technologies;'';
(ii) in subparagraph (B), by striking
``science and engineering'' and inserting
``science, engineering, and technology'';
(iii) in subparagraph (C), by striking
``science and engineering'' and inserting
``science, engineering, and technology'';
(iv) in subparagraph (D), by striking
``and'' after the semicolon;
(v) in subparagraph (E), by striking the
period and inserting ``; and''; and
(vi) by adding at the end the following:
``(F) providing infrastructure to support academic
quantum information science, engineering, and
technology, including through existing infrastructure
programs and new activities.'';
(4) by striking subsection (c) and inserting the following:
``(c) Student Traineeships, Fellowships, and Other Models.--
``(1) Quantum traineeships.--The Director of the National
Science Foundation, in consultation with heads of Federal
agencies as the Director considers appropriate, may use
existing programs to make awards to institutions of higher
education or nonprofit organizations (or consortia thereof)--
``(A) to provide traineeships to graduate students
at institutions of higher education within the United
States who are citizens of the United States and who
choose or plan to pursue master or doctoral degrees in
quantum information science, engineering, and
technology, or related fields; and
``(B) to provide students with opportunities for
research experiences in government or industry related
to such students' quantum studies.
``(2) Quantum fellowships and scholarships.--
``(A) In general.--The Director of the National
Science Foundation, in consultation with heads of
Federal agencies as the Director considers appropriate,
may use existing programs to support fellowships and
scholarships for students at institutions of higher
education for the purpose of--
``(i) increasing quantum information
science, engineering, and technology exposure
for undergraduate and graduate STEM students;
and
``(ii) increasing postgraduation employment
opportunities for STEM students who demonstrate
potential to pursue careers in quantum
information science, engineering, and
technology.
``(B) Requirements.--An eligible participant in the
fellowship and scholarship program under this paragraph
shall--
``(i) be enrolled in or have graduated from
a STEM degree program at an institution of
higher education within the United States; and
``(ii) have demonstrated interest in
quantum information science, engineering, and
technology, such as by taking not less than 1
quantum science or quantum-relevant course as
part of the participant's degree program or by
participating in a summer school program that
focuses on quantum information science,
engineering, and technology.
``(C) Considerations.--Eligible fellowships and
scholarship programs under this paragraph may include
temporary quantum-related positions at Federal or State
agencies, National Laboratories, private sector
entities, institutions of higher education, the quantum
centers established under section 202, the
Multidisciplinary Centers for Quantum Research and
Education established under section 302, the Quantum
Reskilling, Education, and Workforce Coordination Hub
under section 303, the National Quantum Information
Science Research Centers established under section 402,
and the initiatives established under section 503, or
other quantum-relevant entities, as determined
appropriate by the Director.
``(D) Competitive awards.--Fellowships and
scholarships awarded under this paragraph shall be
competitively awarded through a merit-review process.
The Director of the National Science Foundation may
prioritize fellowships that include an industry partner
that provides financial assistance to awardees for
direct or indirect costs.
``(3) Quantum research experiences for undergraduates.--The
Director of the National Science Foundation shall seek to
increase opportunities for quantum research for undergraduate
students by encouraging proposals in quantum information
science, engineering, and technology, through the research
experiences for undergraduates provided under section 514 of
the America COMPETES Reauthorization Act of 2010 (42 U.S.C.
1862p-6).
``(4) Cooperative education programs.--The Director of the
National Science Foundation, in consultation with heads of
Federal agencies the Director considers appropriate, may
establish, or use existing, programs to support cooperative
education programs between institutions of higher education and
employers that increase opportunities for undergraduate
students to acquire experiential learning and professional
experiences in quantum information science, engineering, and
technology.
``(5) Partnerships.--In carrying out the activities under
this subsection, the Director of the National Science
Foundation shall encourage recipients of awards under this
subsection to partner with relevant Federal agencies, Federal
laboratories, industry and other private sector organizations,
and nonprofit organizations to facilitate the expansion of
workforce pathways and hands-on learning experiences.'';
(5) in subsection (d)--
(A) in the subsection heading, by striking ``QISE''
and inserting ``QISET'';
(B) in paragraph (1)--
(i) by striking ``information science and
engineering (referred to in this subsection as
`QISE')'' and inserting ``information science,
engineering, and technology (referred to in
this subsection as `QISET')''; and
(ii) by inserting ``and career and
technical education entities'' after
``colleges'';
(C) in paragraph (2)--
(i) in subparagraph (A), by striking
``QISE'' and inserting ``quantum information
science, engineering, and technology'';
(ii) in subparagraph (D)--
(I) by inserting ``, engineering,
and technology'' after ``science''; and
(II) by inserting ``, including
those principles relevant to emerging
technologies, such as artificial
intelligence, microelectronics, and
nanotechnology'' after ``fields'';
(iii) by redesignating subparagraph (F) as
subparagraph (G); and
(iv) by inserting after subparagraph (E)
the following:
``(F) Methods to introduce security dimensions
associated with quantum information science,
engineering, and technology into STEM curricula.'';
(D) in paragraph (3), by striking ``QISE'' and
inserting ``quantum information science, engineering,
and technology''; and
(E) by striking paragraph (4); and
(6) by adding at the end the following:
``(e) Quantum Research Experiences for Teachers.--The Director of
the National Science Foundation shall seek to increase opportunities to
engage educators, principals, or other school leaders of kindergarten
through grade 12 students in professional learning opportunities to
enhance quantum information science, engineering, and technology
knowledge, including by--
``(1) providing hands-on training and research
opportunities for such educators at Federal laboratories or
institutions of higher education, or in industry; and
``(2) developing best practices.
``(f) Expanding Capacity in Quantum Information Science,
Engineering, and Technology.--
``(1) Definitions.--In this subsection:
``(A) Eligible consortium.--The term `eligible
consortium' means a consortium that--
``(i) includes not less than 1 institution
of higher education or eligible nonprofit
organization; and
``(ii) may include--
``(I) a private sector entity;
``(II) a Federal laboratory; or
``(III) a Federal, Tribal, State,
local, or territorial government
entity.
``(B) Eligible institution of higher education.--
The term `eligible institution of higher education'
means an institution of higher education that, during
the 3-year period prior to the year of an award under
this section and according to the data published by the
National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics
was not, on average, among the top 70 institutions in
Federal research and development expenditures.
``(2) Awards authorized.--The Director of the National
Science Foundation, in consultation with the heads of Federal
agencies the Director considers appropriate, shall make awards
on a competitive, merit-reviewed basis to eligible institutions
of higher education, eligible nonprofit organizations, or
eligible consortia to increase research capacity, increase
education and infrastructure capacity, and broaden
participation in quantum information science, engineering, and
technology and related disciplines, including by--
``(A) supporting curriculum development in quantum
information science, engineering, and technology as
described in subsection (d);
``(B) building upon the activities carried out
under the Next Generation Quantum Leaders Pilot Program
authorized under section 10661(f) of the Research and
Development, Competition, and Innovation Act (42 U.S.C.
19261(f)); and
``(C) leveraging the readiness for the involvement
of local research and education communities to secure a
talent pipeline in quantum information science,
engineering, and technology to meet the workforce needs
of industry, government, and academia.
``(3) Requirements.--To receive an award under this
subsection, an eligible institution of higher education,
eligible nonprofit organization, or eligible consortium shall
submit to the Director of the National Science Foundation an
application that includes the following:
``(A) A plan to sustain proposed activities beyond
the duration of the award.
``(B) Proposed quantum information science,
engineering, and technology disciplines and focus areas
the eligible institution of higher education or
consortium is prepared to engage in to significantly
build up its quantum information science, engineering,
and technology research and education capacity.
``(C) A plan for education and workforce
development, which may include--
``(i) kindergarten through grade 12 and
postsecondary education programs and
activities;
``(ii) workforce training and career and
technical education programs and activities;
``(iii) undergraduate, graduate, and
postdoctoral education programs and activities;
and
``(iv) informal education programs and
activities.
``(4) Activities.--Awards under this subsection to support
research and related activities may include activities relating
to the following:
``(A) Development or expansion of research programs
in disciplines and focus areas specified in paragraph
(3)(B).
``(B) Faculty recruitment and professional
development in disciplines and focus areas specified in
paragraph (3)(B).
``(C) Bridge programs focused on preparing
postbaccalaureate students for graduate programs in
quantum information science, engineering, and
technology.
``(D) Building research capacity and infrastructure
at an eligible institution of higher education in
disciplines and focus areas specified in paragraph
(3)(B).
``(E) An assessment of capacity-building and
research infrastructure needs identified in paragraph
(3)(B).
``(F) Administrative research development support.
``(G) Other activities necessary to build research
capacity in quantum information science, engineering,
and technology.
``(5) Additional considerations.--In making awards under
this subsection, the Director of the National Science
Foundation may also consider the following:
``(A) The extent to which the eligible applicant
will support students from diverse backgrounds,
including first-generation undergraduate students.
``(B) The geographic and institutional diversity of
eligible applicants.
``(C) How the eligible applicant can leverage
public-private partnerships and existing research
partnerships with Federal agencies.
``(D) How the eligible applicant prioritizes
research security, including through educational
efforts and furtherance of best practices for handling
research that is supported by an award under this
subsection.
``(6) Duplication.--The Director of the National Science
Foundation shall ensure awards made under this subsection are
complementary to, and not duplicative of, existing programs.
``(g) International Research on Quantum Information Science,
Engineering, and Technology.--
``(1) In general.--The Director of the National Science
Foundation, in coordination with the Secretary of State and the
heads of other Federal agencies, as appropriate, shall support
international quantum information science, engineering, and
technology research, as appropriate, to enhance international
cooperation and meet United States commitments, including as
part of the terms and conditions of bilateral or multilateral
quantum information science, engineering, and technology
research agreements.
``(2) Alignment.--In carrying out this subsection, the
Director of the National Science Foundation shall ensure
alignment with the national strategy for quantum information
science in accordance with Executive Order 14073 (87 Fed. Reg.
27909; relating to enhancing the National Quantum Advisory
Committee) or successor strategies.
``(3) Priority.--The Director shall prioritize research
programs with countries that have signed a quantum cooperation
statement with the United States.
``(4) Restrictions.--
``(A) Confucius institute.--None of the funds made
available under this subsection may be obligated or
expended to an institution of higher education that
maintains a contract or agreement between such
institution and a Confucius Institute, as defined in
section 10339A of the Research and Development,
Competition, and Innovation Act (42 U.S.C. 19039) or
any successor of a Confucius Institute.
``(B) Foreign country of concern and foreign entity
of concern.--None of the funds made available under
this subsection may be obligated or expended to
promote, establish, or finance quantum research
activities between a United States entity and a foreign
country of concern or foreign entity of concern,
including the entity's subsidiaries.
``(h) Upgrading and Improving Access to Quantum Research
Resources.--
``(1) In general.--In carrying out the activities described
in this section, the Director of the National Science
Foundation, in consultation with the heads of other Federal
departments and agencies, as appropriate, shall award grants to
institutions of higher education or eligible nonprofit
organizations (or consortia thereof) to upgrade research
facilities and improve access to research resources, such as
equipment and instrumentation, that is needed for research and
development in quantum information science, engineering, and
technology.
``(2) Purpose.--Grants under paragraph (1) shall be used to
facilitate quantum information science, engineering, and
technology research and development, including by carrying out
the following:
``(A) Upgrading or adding research resources to--
``(i) accelerate the development of quantum
technologies, including capabilities focused on
addressing the roadblocks to implementation;
and
``(ii) meet the materials, advanced
materials development, high performance
computing, heterogeneous computing, networking,
software, data, clean room, and device needs of
the scientific community and the quantum supply
chain.
``(B) Enhancing access to equipment and
instrumentation, including at partnering institutions,
by facilitating information sharing, coordination,
education, and training, including activities that
provide meaningful hands-on learning experiences for
students, including at community and technical
colleges.
``(C) Enabling professional staff to support the
operation, scheduling, and improvement of research
resources used for quantum information science,
engineering, and technology.
``(3) Requirements.--An institution of higher education or
an eligible nonprofit organization (or a consortium thereof)
seeking funding under this subsection shall submit to the
Director of the National Science Foundation an application at
such time, in such manner, and containing such information as
the Director may require.''.
SEC. 15. MULTIDISCIPLINARY CENTERS FOR QUANTUM RESEARCH AND EDUCATION.
Section 302 of the National Quantum Initiative Act (15 U.S.C. 8842)
is amended--
(1) in subsection (a), by striking ``5'' and inserting
``10'';
(2) in subsection (c)--
(A) in paragraph (1), by striking ``science and
engineering'' and inserting ``science, engineering, and
technology'';
(B) in paragraph (2), by striking ``and
engineering'' and inserting ``, engineering, and
technology, including leveraging or expanding
activities established pursuant to section 301(d)'';
and
(C) in paragraph (3), by inserting ``, such as
commercially-available hardware and software'' after
``resources'';
(3) in subsection (d)(2)--
(A) in subparagraph (A), by striking ``quantum
science,'' and inserting ``quantum information science,
engineering, and technology,'';
(B) in subparagraph (B), by inserting ``health,''
after ``chemistry,'';
(C) in subparagraph (D), by striking ``and'' after
the semicolon;
(D) in subparagraph (E), by striking the period and
inserting a semicolon; and
(E) by adding at the end the following:
``(F) how the Center will participate in
international collaborations, as appropriate, to build
a trusted global research network with allies and
partners of the United States and other countries that
share values with the United States;
``(G) how the Center will protect research from
foreign countries of concern and foreign entities of
concern, and the subsidiaries of such foreign entities,
to ensure the competitiveness of the United States; and
``(H) how the Center will assess and report on
progress toward achieving self-sustainability,
including metrics, milestones, and a timeline for
meeting the long-term goal described in subparagraph
(E).''; and
(4) in subsection (e), by striking paragraph (2) and
inserting the following:
``(2) Reapplication.--An awardee may reapply for an
additional, subsequent period of 5 years following a
successful, merit-based review.'';
(5) in subsection (f), by striking ``2019 through 2023''
and inserting ``2026 through 2030''; and
(6) by adding at the end the following:
``(g) Briefing Requirements.--Not later than 1 year after the date
of the enactment of the National Quantum Initiative Reauthorization Act
of 2026, and not less frequently than annually thereafter, the Director
of the National Science Foundation shall brief the appropriate
committees of Congress on current and planned activities under this
section. Each briefing shall include--
``(1) an assessment of how each Center is progressing
toward the goal of self-sustainability described in subsection
(d)(2)(E); and
``(2) a summary of the most recent reports submitted by the
Centers regarding such progress in accordance with subsection
(d)(2)(H).''.
SEC. 16. QUANTUM RESKILLING, EDUCATION, AND WORKFORCE (QREW)
COORDINATION HUB, QUANTUM TESTBEDS, AND RESEARCH
SECURITY.
Title III of the National Quantum Initiative Act (15 U.S.C. 8841 et
seq.) is amended by adding at the end the following:
``SEC. 303. QUANTUM RESKILLING, EDUCATION, AND WORKFORCE (QREW)
COORDINATION HUB.
``(a) In General.--The Director of the National Science Foundation,
in consultation with the Director of the National Institute of
Standards and Technology, the Secretary of Energy, and the heads of
other relevant Federal agencies, shall make an award to a consortium
led by an institution of higher education or an eligible nonprofit
organization to establish a Quantum Reskilling, Education, and
Workforce Coordination Hub (in this section referred to as the `Hub').
``(b) Consortium.--The consortium established pursuant to
subsection (a) shall include not fewer than 4 institutions of higher
education, including not fewer than 2 community colleges, and may
include career and technical schools, nonprofit organizations, and
private sector entities.
``(c) Purpose.--The purpose of the Hub shall be to--
``(1) identify and address cross-cutting workforce
development challenges in quantum information science,
engineering, and technology, the quantum industry, and other
critical and emerging technology areas that share similar
workforce challenges by serving as a national and regional
clearinghouse; and
``(2) facilitate the establishment of programs to
disseminate, to institutions of higher education (including
community colleges) and career and technical education
entities, model curricula, best practices, and instructional
materials related to the activities described in subsection
(d).
``(d) Activities.--The activities of the Hub may include the
following:
``(1) Testing, implementing, scaling, disseminating, and
standardizing materials, methods, best practices, and other
outputs developed through activities under this Act.
``(2) Promoting core competencies, such as computer
science, data science, and mathematics, that are shared with
other critical and emerging technologies, such as artificial
intelligence.
``(3) Increasing the integration of quantum information
science, engineering, and technology content into STEM
curricula at all education levels, including career and
technical education programs.
``(4) Providing opportunities for STEM degree students to
provide feedback on quantum information science, engineering,
and technology curricula.
``(5) Facilitating post-education employment opportunities
and workforce pathways for STEM degree recipients in quantum-
related industries, including by facilitating opportunities for
internships, externships, fellowships, and other such
activities as determined by the Director, including through the
establishment of a publicly accessible online portal.
``(6) Coordinating with quantum industry and nonprofit
entities and small- and medium-sized businesses and startups to
inform and enhance the quality and availability of quantum
education in STEM degree programs, including through the
promotion of postgraduation opportunities for STEM students
outside the classroom to increase exposure to quantum
industries.
``(7) Supporting activities and programs to enhance the
recruitment of students from groups historically
underrepresented in STEM to pursue undergraduate and graduate
studies in quantum information science, engineering, and
technology.
``(8) Developing, testing, implementing, and coordinating
career development programs and strategies to increase the
number of quantum-informed educators at all levels of
education, including by carrying out the following:
``(A) Hosting career development workshops.
``(B) Developing in-house and distance learning
career development tools for public use.
``(C) Facilitating access to related quantum
technology, tools, and resources.
``(D) Developing training, research, and
professional development programs, including innovative
pre-service and in-service programs.
``(E) Facilitating relationships with State and
local entities, such as a State board or local board
(as such terms are defined in section 3 of the
Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act (29 U.S.C.
3102)), to increase awareness of and promote quantum-
related career development activities at the Hub.
``(9) Establishing a framework for performing ongoing
regular data collection and analysis for the quantum workforce
to report on trends, and perform other activities that expand
the understanding of the current and future needs of the
quantum industry, and the education capacity or readiness of
the quantum workforce. Such activities shall complement or
align with, as relevant, authorized quantum and STEM workforce
studies under section 10661(d) of the Research and Development,
Competition, and Innovation Act (42 U.S.C. 19261(d)).
``(10) Facilitating public education and outreach
activities to enhance the understanding and awareness of
quantum information science, engineering, and technology to a
broader community to satisfy broader impact requirements of
award applications.
``(11) Encouraging coordination on quantum education in the
broader STEM community.
``(e) QREW Quantum Fellowship Program.--Subject to the restrictions
described in section 301(c), the Hub may support education or policy
fellowships for students at entities participating in the consortium
under subsection (a) or at other research centers established pursuant
to this Act at the National Science Foundation, the National Institute
of Standards and Technology, the Department of Energy, or the National
Aeronautics and Space Administration, for the purpose of supporting the
activities described in subsection (d).
``(f) Industry Coordination.--The Hub shall collaborate with the
Quantum Consortium established under section 201(b) or other industry
consortia to identify, publish, facilitate, or enable quantum-related
education and workforce development opportunities as described in
subsections (c) and (d).
``(g) Application.--A consortium seeking funding under this section
shall submit to the Director of the National Science Foundation an
application at such time, in such manner, and containing such
information as the Director may require. Each application shall include
a description of how the consortium shall carry out the following:
``(1) Contribute to the success of the Hub and fulfill the
purposes of the Hub.
``(2) Include industry participation in fulfilling the
purposes of the Hub.
``(3) Collaborate with other members of the consortium to
share expertise in integrating quantum information science,
engineering, and technology into STEM programs and other
relevant fields and disciplines.
``(4) Support long-term and short-term workforce
development in the quantum field.
``(5) Develop and implement outreach activities to increase
the participation of women and other students from groups
historically underrepresented in STEM.
``(h) Selection and Duration.--
``(1) In general.--The Hub established under this section
is authorized to carry out activities for a period of 5 years.
``(2) Reapplication.--A consortium receiving an award under
this section may reapply for an additional, subsequent period
of 5 years following a successful, merit-based review.
``(3) Termination.--Consistent with and in addition to the
authorities of the National Science Foundation, the Director of
the National Science Foundation may also terminate the Hub if
it is underperforming during the performance period.
``(i) Coordination.--The Hub shall coordinate with other research
centers established under this Act at the National Science Foundation,
the National Institute of Standards and Technology, the Department of
Energy, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, and other
relevant Federal agencies, as appropriate, on activities and resources.
``(j) Reporting Requirements.--Not later than 3 years after the
date of enactment of the National Quantum Initiative Reauthorization
Act of 2026, the Director shall prepare and submit to the appropriate
committees of Congress a progress report that includes current (as of
the date of the report) and planned activities of the Hub.
``SEC. 304. QUANTUM TESTBEDS.
``(a) In General.--Not later than 1 year after the date of the
enactment of the National Quantum Initiative Reauthorization Act of
2026, the Director of the National Science Foundation, in coordination
with the Director of the National Institute of Standards and
Technology, the Secretary of Energy, the Administrator of the National
Aeronautics and Space Administration, and the heads of other Federal
agencies, as determined appropriate by the Director of the National
Science Foundation, shall make awards on a competitive, merit-reviewed
basis to institutions of higher education, nonprofit organizations,
federally funded research and development centers, or consortia
thereof, to establish testbeds for accelerating the development of
viable quantum applications.
``(b) Purposes.--The quantum testbeds established under subsection
(a) shall focus on advancing the development of quantum application use
cases, as determined by the Director, through proof-of-concept testing,
demonstrations, pilot projects, benchmarking, and prototyping, by--
``(1) supporting translational quantum research and
development activities for quantum application use cases,
including, for testbeds featuring quantum software and quantum
algorithms driving toward utility, leveraging approaches such
as algorithm innovation and tools such as resource estimators;
``(2) providing accessible research resources for
developing, testing, and benchmarking the application of
quantum technologies to likely use cases, including enabling
quantum cloud access;
``(3) investing in quantum computing technologies that show
promise for viability, including directing funding to advance
each layer of the stack and related systems engineering and
integration; and
``(4) establishing cost and benefit.
``(c) Application Proposals.--An applicant for an award under this
section shall submit to the Director a proposal at such time, in such
manner, and containing such information as the Director may reasonably
require. The proposal shall, at a minimum, describe the following:
``(1) How the applicant will assemble a workforce,
including from populations that are historically
underrepresented in STEM, with the skills needed to operate a
quantum testbed.
``(2) How the applicant will ensure broad access to a
quantum testbed, including for start-ups and small businesses.
``(3) How a quantum testbed will operate after Federal
funding has ended.
``(4) How the applicant will contribute to the quantum
testbed, such as through funding or other resources required to
develop quantum applications.
``(5) How the applicant will protect any research or
advancements made as a result of using the quantum testbed.
``(d) Prioritization.--In awarding grants under this section, the
Director of the National Science Foundation shall prioritize the
following:
``(1) Applicants that ensure not less than 25 percent of
the cost for a testbed awarded under this section is provided
by private or non-Federal entities, including in-kind
contributions.
``(2) Awards for consortia that include quantum industry
participation.
``(e) Roles and Responsibilities.--The Director of the National
Science Foundation shall be responsible for the following:
``(1) Maintaining a record of notable outcomes from each
quantum testbed established under this section.
``(2) Partnering with other Federal agencies to enable
opportunities for quantum testbed outcomes to be appropriately
taken up by such agencies in alignment with the missions of
such agencies.
``(3) Not later than 1 year after the date of the enactment
of this section and every 2 years thereafter until December 31,
2030, briefing the appropriate committees of Congress on the
status of such quantum testbeds and providing recommendations
for improving such quantum testbeds.
``(f) Coordination.--In establishing quantum testbeds under this
section, the Director of the National Science Foundation shall ensure
coordination with other testbeds and other quantum facilities hosting
Federal quantum technology and infrastructure supported by the National
Science Foundation, including those testbeds and facilities authorized
pursuant to section 10390 of the Research and Development, Competition,
and Innovation Act (42 U.S.C. 19110), or by other Federal agencies as
determined appropriate by the Director, to avoid duplication and
maximize use of Federal resources.
``(g) Stakeholder Collaboration.--In carrying out this section, the
Director of the National Science Foundation shall collaborate with the
Quantum Consortium established pursuant to section 201(b) to accomplish
the purposes of the quantum testbeds program described in subsection
(b) and ensure there is strong collaboration with industry
stakeholders. The Director may also engage with National Laboratories,
federally funded research and development centers, industry, and other
members of the United States quantum ecosystem.
``(h) Geographic Diversity.--The Director shall ensure regional and
geographic diversity in issuing awards under this section.
``SEC. 305. RESEARCH SECURITY.
``(a) Research Security.--The activities authorized under this
title shall be carried out in a manner consistent with subtitle D of
title VI of the Research and Development, Competition, and Innovation
Act (42 U.S.C. 19231 et seq.).
``(b) Review of Visitors and Assignees From Countries of Risk.--The
Director of the National Science Foundation shall establish policies
and procedures to assess and screen visitors and assignees to National
Science Foundation-supported facilities that are similar, to the extent
practicable, to the policies and procedures regarding visitors and
assignees to the National Laboratories that were established in
accordance with section 6432 of the Servicemember Quality of Life
Improvement and National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2025
(42 U.S.C. 7144b note).''.
SEC. 17. NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION CRYPTOGRAPHY RESEARCH.
Section 4(a)(1)(A) of the Cyber Security Research and Development
Act (15 U.S.C. 7403) is amended by inserting ``, including post-quantum
cryptography (as such term is defined in section 3 of the Quantum
Computing Cybersecurity Preparedness Act (6 U.S.C. 1526 note; Public
Law 117-260))'' before the semicolon.
SEC. 18. NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION QUANTUM
ACTIVITIES.
(a) In General.--The National Quantum Initiative Act (15 U.S.C.
8801 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the following new title:
``TITLE V--NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION QUANTUM
ACTIVITIES
``SEC. 501. DEFINITION OF ADMINISTRATOR.
``In this title, the term `Administrator' means the Administrator
of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
``SEC. 502. QUANTUM INFORMATION SCIENCE, ENGINEERING, AND TECHNOLOGY
RESEARCH FOR SPACE AND AERONAUTICS.
``(a) In General.--The Administrator is authorized to carry out
research on quantum information science, engineering, and technology.
``(b) Cooperation.--In carrying out subsection (a), the
Administrator--
``(1) shall consider cooperative arrangements with the
Department of Energy and other Federal Government agencies, as
practicable, on areas of shared benefit; and
``(2) may enter into memoranda of understanding or
memoranda of agreement to establish such cooperative
arrangements.
``(c) Strategy.--Not later than 180 days after the date of the
enactment of this title, the Administrator shall submit to the
appropriate committees of Congress a strategy for National Aeronautics
and Space Administration research on quantum information science,
engineering, and technology. The strategy shall identify resources
required to support implementation of the strategy, including budgets,
workforce, and infrastructure, describe cooperative efforts with other
Federal Government agencies, and address areas of research and
applications, including the following:
``(1) Quantum sensing.
``(2) Quantum networking.
``(3) Quantum communications, including quantum satellite
communications.
``(4) Quantum computing.
``(5) Science, aeronautics, and exploration-related
applications.
``(6) Any other area of quantum information, science,
engineering, and technology that furthers the mission of the
National Aeronautics and Space Administration and is consistent
with the purposes of this Act, as the Administrator considers
appropriate.
``(d) Consultation.--In developing the strategy described in
subsection (c), the Administrator may seek input from relevant external
stakeholders, including institutions of higher education, industry, and
nonprofit research organizations.
``SEC. 503. NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION QUANTUM
INITIATIVES.
``(a) In General.--Subject to the availability of appropriations,
the Administrator, in consultation with the heads of other Federal
departments and agencies, as appropriate, may establish one or more
initiatives focused on space and aeronautics applications of quantum
information science, engineering, and technology.
``(b) Initiative Details.--
``(1) Merit-based review process.--
``(A) In general.--The Administrator shall develop
and implement a formal, merit-based review process for
evaluating proposals, applications, and initiatives
submitted to the National Aeronautics and Space
Administration with respect to the research,
development, or deployment of quantum technologies with
potential relevance to the civil space and aeronautics
missions of the National Aeronautics and Space
Administration.
``(B) Criteria.--The process established under
subparagraph (A) shall be designed--
``(i) to ensure taxpayer dollars are
directed to the most technically sound and
strategically aligned quantum technology
proposals;
``(ii) to prioritize proposals that
demonstrate strong potential to enhance United
States leadership in space-based quantum
applications, including sensing, navigation,
communications, simulation, and computing;
``(iii) to support initiatives that align
with the strategic goals of the National
Aeronautics and Space Administration and avoid
unnecessary duplication of efforts led by other
Federal agencies;
``(iv) to facilitate a competitive,
transparent, and objective selection process
using qualified subject-matter experts; and
``(v) to include appropriate consideration
of project feasibility, cost-effectiveness,
technological maturity, and risk mitigation.
``(2) Application requirements.--An applicant under this
section shall submit to the Administrator a proposal at such
time, in such manner, and containing such technical,
programmatic, and budgetary information as the Administrator
determines necessary to evaluate the proposal through the
review process developed under paragraph (1).
``(3) Eligible applicants.--In carrying out the process
under paragraph (1), the Administrator shall consider
applications from institutions of higher education, research
centers, multi-institutional collaborations, and any other
entity the Administrator considers appropriate.
``(4) Collaborations.--A collaboration that receives an
award under this section may include multiple types of research
institutions, including institutions of higher education,
private sector entities, and nonprofit organizations.
``(5) Coordination and accountability.--The Administrator
shall ensure that an awardee under this section--
``(A) coordinates with the National Aeronautics and
Space Administration, including by identifying
personnel designated to serve as program liaisons for
technical and programmatic oversight; and
``(B) avoids unnecessary duplication of existing
activities of the National Aeronautics and Space
Administration, other activities carried out under the
National Quantum Initiative Reauthorization Act of 2026
or the amendments made by that Act, and other related
programs, as appropriate.
``(6) Commercial technology.--An initiative established
under this section may leverage commercially-available hardware
and software to carry out the activities described in
subsection (c).
``(c) Initiative Activities.--An initiative established under this
section may carry out activities that--
``(1) support research focused on developing and
demonstrating space, aeronautics, and exploration applications
for quantum information science, engineering, exploration, and
technology, including research relating to the strategy
developed under section 502(c); and
``(2) support quantum information science, engineering, and
technology education and public outreach.
``(d) Initiative Requirements.--To the maximum extent practicable,
an initiative established under this section shall serve the needs of
the National Aeronautics and Space Administration for the benefit of
the broader United States quantum information science community, to
create and develop processes for the purpose of advancing space and
aeronautics applications in quantum information science, engineering,
and technology, and improving the competitiveness of the United States.
``(e) Initiative Selection and Duration.--
``(1) In general.--Subject to the availability of
appropriations, an initiative established under this section
may carry out activities for a period of 5 years.
``(2) Reapplication.--Subject to the availability of
appropriations, an awardee may reapply for an additional,
subsequent period of 5 years following a successful, merit-
based review.
``(3) Termination.--Consistent with the authorities of the
National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the
Administrator may terminate the initiative for cause during the
performance period.
``SEC. 504. RESEARCH SECURITY.
``The activities authorized under this title shall be carried out
in a manner consistent with--
``(1) subtitle D of title VI of the Research and
Development, Competition, and Innovation Act (42 U.S.C. 19231
et seq.); and
``(2) section 6432 of the Servicemember Quality of Life
Improvement and National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal
Year 2025 (42 U.S.C. 7144b note; Public Law 118-159).
``SEC. 505. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.
``The Administrator shall allocate up to $25,000,000 for each of
fiscal years 2026 through 2030 to carry out this title, subject to the
availability of appropriations. Amounts made available to carry out
this title shall be derived from amounts appropriated or otherwise made
available to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.''.
SEC. 19. COMPTROLLER GENERAL REVIEW AND REPORT.
(a) Review.--Not later than 1 year after the date of the enactment
of this Act, the Comptroller General of the United States shall conduct
a review of existing processes and reporting requirements associated
with research and development programs established within the National
Institute of Standards and Technology, the National Science Foundation,
and the Department of Energy pursuant to the National Quantum
Initiative Act (15 U.S.C. 8801 et seq.) to identify potential
opportunities--
(1) to reduce duplicative and unnecessary paperwork and
reporting requirements without compromising security,
transparency, and accountability; and
(2) to expedite access to facilities and equipment of the
Federal Government for researchers affiliated with such
programs.
(b) Research and Development Programs Covered.--The review required
under subsection (a) shall cover all research and development programs
established pursuant to sections 201, 302, 402, 403, and 404 of the
National Quantum Initiative Act (15 U.S.C. 8831, 8842, 8852, 8853, and
8854).
(c) Report.--Not later than 180 days after completing the review
under subsection (a), the Comptroller General shall submit to the
Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation and the Committee on
Energy and Natural Resources of the Senate and the Committee on Energy
and Commerce of the House of Representatives a report on the findings
of the review, which shall include recommendations relating to
paragraphs (1) and (2) of such subsection.
SEC. 20. REVIEW OF REGULATORY BARRIERS TO QUANTUM INFORMATION SCIENCE
AND TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT.
(a) Definitions.--In this section:
(1) Appropriate congressional committees.--The term
``appropriate congressional committees'' means the Committee on
Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate and the
Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the House of
Representatives.
(2) Quantum information science and technology.--The term
``quantum information science and technology'' has the meaning
given such term in section 2 of the National Quantum Initiative
Act (15 U.S.C. 8801), as amended by section 2 of this Act.
(b) Review and Assessment Required.--Not later than 540 days after
the date of the enactment of this Act, the Director of the Office of
Science and Technology Policy shall, in coordination with the National
Quantum Coordination Office, conduct a review to identify and assess
any existing or potential regulatory barriers that inhibit research,
development, deployment, or scaling of quantum information science and
technology.
(c) Elements.--The review and assessment conducted pursuant to
subsection (b) shall include the following:
(1) An inventory of existing Federal regulations, policies,
and guidance documents that are applicable to quantum
information science and technology.
(2) An analysis of whether regulations, policies, and
guidance inventoried pursuant to paragraph (1) impose undue
burdens on academic, private sector, or government-led quantum
information science and technology research or development.
(3) Recommendations to modernize, streamline, or eliminate
duplicative or outdated regulatory barriers identified pursuant
to subsection (b).
(4) Input from stakeholders across industry, academia, and
the National Laboratories with respect to such regulatory
barriers.
(5) Recommended actions to harmonize regulatory
requirements relating to quantum information science and
technology across Federal agencies where inconsistences exist.
(d) Report.--Not later than 180 days after the date on which the
Director completes the review and assessment required by subsection
(b), the Director shall submit to the appropriate congressional
committees a report detailing the findings and recommendations
described in subsection (c).
(e) Quinquennial Updates.--Not later than 5 years after the date on
which the Director completes the review and assessment required by
subsection (b), and every 5 years thereafter, the Director shall update
the review and assessment required by subsection (b) and submit to the
appropriate congressional committees an updated report detailing the
findings and recommendations of the Director.
SEC. 21. SUNSET OF NATIONAL NANOTECHNOLOGY PROGRAM.
(a) Sunset of National Nanotechnology Program.--The National
Nanotechnology Program (in this section referred to as the ``Program'')
and the authorities and requirements of the 21st Century Nanotechnology
Research and Development Act (15 U.S.C. 7501 et seq.) are terminated on
the date that is 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act.
(b) Wind-Down.--The Director of the Office of Science and
Technology Policy shall take such actions as may be necessary to
terminate and wind down the Program before the date specified in
subsection (a).
(c) Plan and Briefing.--
(1) In general.--Not later than 90 days after the date of
the enactment of this Act, the Director of the Office of
Science and Technology Policy shall provide to the Committee on
Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate and the
Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the House of
Representatives a briefing in which the Director shall present
a plan on how the Director will carry out subsection (b).
(2) Elements.--The plan presented under paragraph (1)
shall--
(A) ensure minimal disruption to ongoing federally
funded research and development activities;
(B) ensure transfer or reassignment of
nanotechnology research infrastructure programs and
facilities to minimize disruption of researcher access
to critical tools that support other national
priorities;
(C) provide for the orderly disposition or transfer
of active grants, contracts, and personnel associated
with the National Nanotechnology Coordination Office
established under section 3(a) of the 21st Century
Nanotechnology Research and Development Act (15 U.S.C.
7502(a));
(D) identify any relevant responsibilities that
should be reassigned to existing programs at the Office
of Science and Technology Policy; and
(E) minimize duplication and ensure fiscal
efficiency in the conclusion of the Program.
SEC. 22. CLERICAL AMENDMENTS.
The table of contents in section 1(b) of the National Quantum
Initiative Act is amended as follows:
(1) By inserting after the item relating to section 105 the
following new items:
``Sec. 105A. International Quantum Cooperation Strategy.
``Sec. 106. National quantum prize challenges.''.
(2) By inserting after the item relating to section 201 the
following new items:
``Sec. 202. National Institute of Standards and Technology Quantum
Centers.
``Sec. 203. Research security.''.
(3) By striking the item relating to section 301 and
inserting the following new item:
``Sec. 301. Quantum information science, engineering, and technology
research and education program.''.
(4) By inserting after the item relating to section 302 the
following new items:
``Sec. 303. Quantum Reskilling, Education, and Workforce (QREW)
Coordination Hub.
``Sec. 304. Quantum testbeds.
``Sec. 305. Research security.''.
(5) By adding at the end the following new items:
``TITLE V--NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION QUANTUM
ACTIVITIES
``Sec. 501. Definition of Administrator.
``Sec. 502. Quantum information science, engineering, and technology
research for space and aeronautics.
``Sec. 503. National Aeronautics and Space Administration quantum
initiatives.
``Sec. 504. Research security.
``Sec. 505. Authorization of appropriations.''.
<all>
Introduced in Senate
Read twice and referred to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation.
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