Federal Physicians Comparability Act of 1980

Federal Physicians Comparability Act of 1980 - Amends the Federal Physicians Comparability Allowance Act of 1978 to entitle a physician who has been employed by the Government for more than one year to: (1) variable special pay, in addition to any other pay or allowance, ranging from $5,000 to $10,000 per year based on the creditable service of the physician; and (2) an annual incentive payment of $10,000 for any 12-month period during which the physician is not undergoing medical internship or initial residency training, provided the physician executes an agreement to remain on active duty for one year after receiving such payment. Entitles such a physician who is board certified to an additional payment for board certification in an amount ranging from $2,000 to $5,000 depending on the creditable service of the physician.

Includes: (1) any physician paid under the Senior Executive Service, the Merit Pay System, or a pay system for the Panama Canal Commission or the United States Postal Service within the definition of "Government physician"; and (2) the Library of Congress within the definition of "agency" for purposes of such Act.

Directs the Director of the Office of Personnel Management: (1) to prescribe regulations for the administration of the provisions of this Act; (2) to conduct a review every two years of the special pay authorized by this Act; and (3) to report the results of each review of Congress.